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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

absorption

A

passage of material through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

anus

A

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

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6
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the live and stored in the gallbladder

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by the live in bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed dog like teeth next to the incisors

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodnum

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13
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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18
Q

elimination

A

act of removal of materials from the body

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19
Q

emulsification

A

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules thereby increasing the surface area the enzymes can use to digest the fat

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical the speeds up a reaction between substances

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the tomach

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested

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24
Q

feces

A

solid wastes

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25
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under the live, stores bile

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26
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

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27
Q

glyogen

A

starch

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28
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

substance produced in the stomach

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29
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine

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30
Q

incisor

A

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

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31
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas

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32
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine

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33
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

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34
Q

liver

A

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen

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35
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

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36
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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37
Q

molar teeth

A

sixth, seventh, and eight teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

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38
Q

palate

A

roof of the month

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39
Q

pancreas

A

organ behind the stomach, produces insulin

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40
Q

papillae

A

small projection of the tongue

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41
Q

parotid gland

A

salivary gland within the cheek

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42
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

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43
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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44
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

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45
Q

protease

A

enzyme

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46
Q

pulp

A

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

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47
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach

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48
Q

pylorus

A

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

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49
Q

rectum

A

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

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50
Q

rugae

A

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

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51
Q

saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

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52
Q

salivary gland

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

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53
Q

sigmoid colon

A

fourth and last S- shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum

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54
Q

sphincter

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

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55
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

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56
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol

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57
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

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58
Q

villi

A

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

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59
Q

an/o

A

anus

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60
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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61
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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62
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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63
Q

celi/o

A

belly, abdomen

64
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

65
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

66
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

67
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

68
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

69
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

70
Q

enter/o

A

intestines, usually small intestines

71
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

72
Q

faci/o

A

face

73
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

74
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

75
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

76
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

77
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

78
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

79
Q

labi/o

A

lip

80
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

81
Q

mandubul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible

82
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

83
Q

or/o

A

mouth

84
Q

palat/o

A

palate

85
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

86
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

87
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat

88
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

89
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

90
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

91
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

92
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

93
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

94
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

95
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

96
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

97
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin

98
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

99
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

100
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

101
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

102
Q

glcogen/o

A

glycogen, animal starch

103
Q

lip/o

A

fat, lipid

104
Q

lith/o

A

stone

105
Q

prote/o

A

protein

106
Q

py/o

A

pus

107
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

108
Q

steat/o

A

fat

109
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

110
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes

111
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

112
Q

-prandial

A

meal

113
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

114
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

115
Q

borborymi

A

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal trach

116
Q

constipation

A

difficultly in passing stool

117
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stool

118
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

119
Q

eructation

A

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

120
Q

flatus

A

gas expelled through the anus

121
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

122
Q

jaundice

A

yellow-orange coloration of skin and white of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

123
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stool, feces containing digested blood

124
Q

nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

125
Q

stetorrhea

A

fat in the feces

126
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

127
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

128
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

129
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

130
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

131
Q

achalasia

A

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

132
Q

esophageal cancer

A

malignant tumor of the esophagus

133
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

134
Q

gastric cancer

A

malignant tumor of the stomach

135
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

136
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

137
Q

peptic ulcer

A

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

138
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

139
Q

colonic polyps

A

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

140
Q

colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

141
Q

crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

142
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouching in the intestinal wall of the colon

143
Q

dysentery

A

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

144
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

145
Q

ileus

A

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

146
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

147
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of the intestines

148
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

group of GI symptoms but without defined abnormalities in the intestines

149
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

150
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself

151
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

152
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

153
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

liver cancer

154
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

malignant tumor of the pancreas

155
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

156
Q

viral hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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