chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
absorption
A
passage of material through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
2
Q
amino acids
A
small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested
3
Q
amylase
A
enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
4
Q
anus
A
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
5
Q
appendix
A
blind pouch hanging from the cecum
6
Q
bile
A
digestive juice made in the live and stored in the gallbladder
7
Q
bilirubin
A
pigment released by the live in bile
8
Q
bowel
A
intestine
9
Q
canine teeth
A
pointed dog like teeth next to the incisors
10
Q
cecum
A
first part of the large intestine
11
Q
colon
A
portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments
12
Q
common bile duct
A
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodnum
13
Q
defecation
A
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
14
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
15
Q
dentin
A
primary material found in teeth
16
Q
digestion
A
breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
17
Q
duodenum
A
first part of the small intestine
18
Q
elimination
A
act of removal of materials from the body
19
Q
emulsification
A
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules thereby increasing the surface area the enzymes can use to digest the fat
20
Q
enamel
A
hard, outermost layer of a tooth
21
Q
enzyme
A
chemical the speeds up a reaction between substances
22
Q
esophagus
A
tube connecting the throat to the tomach
23
Q
fatty acids
A
substances produced when fats are digested
24
Q
feces
A
solid wastes
25
gallbladder
small sac under the live, stores bile
26
glucose
simple sugar
27
glyogen
starch
28
hydrochloric acid
substance produced in the stomach
29
ileum
third part of the small intestine
30
incisor
any one of four front teeth in the dental arch
31
insulin
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas
32
jejunum
second part of the small intestine
33
lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
34
liver
large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen
35
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
36
mastication
chewing
37
molar teeth
sixth, seventh, and eight teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
38
palate
roof of the month
39
pancreas
organ behind the stomach, produces insulin
40
papillae
small projection of the tongue
41
parotid gland
salivary gland within the cheek
42
peristalsis
rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
43
pharynx
throat
44
portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
45
protease
enzyme
46
pulp
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
47
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle at the end of the stomach
48
pylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
49
rectum
last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
50
rugae
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
51
saliva
digestive juice produced by salivary glands
52
salivary gland
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
53
sigmoid colon
fourth and last S- shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum
54
sphincter
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
55
stomach
muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
56
triglycerides
fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
57
uvula
soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
58
villi
microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
59
an/o
anus
60
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
61
bucc/o
cheek
62
cec/o
cecum
63
celi/o
belly, abdomen
64
cheil/o
lip
65
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
66
choledoch/o
common bile duct
67
col/o, colon/o
colon
68
dent/i
tooth
69
duoden/o
duodenum
70
enter/o
intestines, usually small intestines
71
esophag/o
esophagus
72
faci/o
face
73
gastr/o
stomach
74
gingiv/o
gums
75
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
76
hepat/o
liver
77
ile/o
ileum
78
jejun/o
jejunum
79
labi/o
lip
80
lapar/o
abdomen
81
mandubul/o
lower jaw, mandible
82
odont/o
tooth
83
or/o
mouth
84
palat/o
palate
85
pancreat/o
pancreas
86
peritone/o
peritoneum
87
pharyng/o
throat
88
proct/o
anus and rectum
89
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
90
rect/o
rectum
91
sialaden/o
salivary gland
92
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
93
stomat/o
mouth
94
uvul/o
uvula
95
amyl/o
starch
96
bil/i
gall, bile
97
bilirubin/o
bilirubin
98
chol/e
gall, bile
99
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
100
gluc/o
sugar
101
glyc/o
sugar
102
glcogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
103
lip/o
fat, lipid
104
lith/o
stone
105
prote/o
protein
106
py/o
pus
107
sial/o
saliva, salivary
108
steat/o
fat
109
-ase
enzyme
110
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
111
-iasis
abnormal condition
112
-prandial
meal
113
anorexia
lack of appetite
114
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
115
borborymi
rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal trach
116
constipation
difficultly in passing stool
117
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stool
118
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
119
eructation
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
120
flatus
gas expelled through the anus
121
hematochezia
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
122
jaundice
yellow-orange coloration of skin and white of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
123
melena
black, tarry stool, feces containing digested blood
124
nausea
unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
125
stetorrhea
fat in the feces
126
aphthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers
127
dental caries
tooth decay
128
herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
129
oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
130
periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
131
achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
132
esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus
133
esophageal varices
swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
134
gastric cancer
malignant tumor of the stomach
135
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
136
hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
137
peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
138
anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
139
colonic polyps
polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
140
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
141
crohn disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
142
diverticulosis
abnormal outpouching in the intestinal wall of the colon
143
dysentery
painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
144
hemorrhoids
swollen twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
145
ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
146
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
147
intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
148
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
group of GI symptoms but without defined abnormalities in the intestines
149
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
150
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
151
cholelithiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
152
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
153
hepatocellular carcinoma
liver cancer
154
pancreatic cancer
malignant tumor of the pancreas
155
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
156
viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
