Chapter 18 Flashcards by Rebecca Stoner

thyroxine

secreted by the thyroid gland, t4 increases metabolism in cells

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triiodothyronine

secreted by the thyroid gland, t3 increases metabolism

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vasopressin

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

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catecholamines

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

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corticosteroids

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

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electrolyte

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

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glucocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

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homeostasis

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

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hormone

chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

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hypothalamus

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

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mineralocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

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receptor

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

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sella turcica

cavity at the base of the skull, contains the pituitary gland

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sex hormones

steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual charateristics

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steroid

complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

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sympathomimetic

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

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target tissue

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

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aden/o

gland

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adrenal/o

adrenal gland

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gonad/o

sex gland

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pancreat/o

pancreas

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parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

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pituitar/o

pituitary gland

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thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

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andr/o

male

calc/o, calci

calcium

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood condition

-in, -ine

substance

-tropin

stimulating the function of

-uria

urine condition

good, normal

hyper

excessive, above

hypo

deficient, below, under

oxy

rapid, sharp, acid

pan

all

poly

many or increased

tetra

four

tri

three

hyperthyroidism

overactivity of the thyroid gland

hypothrodism

underactivity of the thyroid gland

thyroid carcinoma

cancer of the thyroid gland

hyperparathyroidism

excessive production of parathormone

hypoparathyroidism

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Cushing syndrome

group of sign and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

addison disease

hypofunctions of the adrenal cortex

pheochromocytome

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, tumor cells stain a dark or dusky color

hyperinsulinism

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

diabetes mellitus

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

acromegaly

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

gigantism

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

dwarfism

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone

panhypopituitarism

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

excessive secretion an antidiuretic hormone

diabetes insipdus

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone

fasting plasma glucose

fasting blood sugar test, measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

serum and urine tests

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function

thyroid function tests

measurement of t3, t4 and TSH in the bloodstream

exophthalmometry

measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

computed tomography scan

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views to assess size and infiltration by tumor

thyroid scan

scanner detects radioactivityand visualizes the thyroid gland

ultrasound examination

sound waves show images of endocrine organs