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Bio 1060 Medical term > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

thyroxine

A

secreted by the thyroid gland, t4 increases metabolism in cells

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2
Q

triiodothyronine

A

secreted by the thyroid gland, t3 increases metabolism

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3
Q

vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

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4
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

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5
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

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6
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

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7
Q

glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

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8
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

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9
Q

hormone

A

chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

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11
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

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12
Q

receptor

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

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13
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity at the base of the skull, contains the pituitary gland

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14
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual charateristics

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15
Q

steroid

A

complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

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16
Q

sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

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18
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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19
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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20
Q

gonad/o

A

sex gland

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21
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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22
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

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23
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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25
Q

andr/o

A

male

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26
Q

calc/o, calci

A

calcium

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27
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

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28
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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29
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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30
Q

estr/o

A

female

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31
Q

gluc/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

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32
Q

home/o

A

sameness

33
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

34
Q

lact/o

A

milk

35
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

36
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

37
Q

phys/o

A

growing

38
Q

somat/o

A

body

39
Q

ster/o

A

solid structure

40
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

41
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

42
Q

ur/o

A

urine

43
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather together

44
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

45
Q

-in, -ine

A

substance

46
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of

47
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

48
Q

eu

A

good, normal

49
Q

hyper

A

excessive, above

50
Q

hypo

A

deficient, below, under

51
Q

oxy

A

rapid, sharp, acid

52
Q

pan

A

all

53
Q

poly

A

many or increased

54
Q

tetra

A

four

55
Q

tri

A

three

56
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland

57
Q

hypothrodism

A

underactivity of the thyroid gland

58
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

cancer of the thyroid gland

59
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive production of parathormone

60
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

61
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

62
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

group of sign and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

63
Q

addison disease

A

hypofunctions of the adrenal cortex

64
Q

pheochromocytome

A

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, tumor cells stain a dark or dusky color

65
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

66
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

67
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

68
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

69
Q

dwarfism

A

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone

70
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

71
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

excessive secretion an antidiuretic hormone

72
Q

diabetes insipdus

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone

73
Q

fasting plasma glucose

A

fasting blood sugar test, measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

74
Q

serum and urine tests

A

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function

75
Q

thyroid function tests

A

measurement of t3, t4 and TSH in the bloodstream

76
Q

exophthalmometry

A

measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

77
Q

computed tomography scan

A

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views to assess size and infiltration by tumor

78
Q

thyroid scan

A

scanner detects radioactivityand visualizes the thyroid gland

79
Q

ultrasound examination

A

sound waves show images of endocrine organs

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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