chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
aorta
A
largest artery in the body
2
Q
apex of the heart
A
lower tip of the heart
3
Q
arteriole
A
small artery
4
Q
artery
A
largest type of blood vessel
5
Q
atrioventricular bundle
A
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
6
Q
atrioventricular node
A
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
7
Q
atrium
A
one of two upper chambers of the heart
8
Q
capillary
A
smallest blood vessel
9
Q
carbon dioxide
A
gas released by body cells
10
Q
coronary arteris
A
blood vessel that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle
11
Q
deoxygenated blood
A
blood that is oxygen poor
12
Q
diastole
A
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
13
Q
electrocardiogram
A
record the electricity flowing through the heart
14
Q
endocardium
A
inner lining of blood vessels
15
Q
endothelium
A
innermost lining of blood vessels
16
Q
mitral valve
A
valve between the left atrium and the left ventrucke
17
Q
murmur
A
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
18
Q
myocardium
A
muscular middle layer of the heart
19
Q
normal sinus rhythm
A
heart rhythm originating the sinoatrial node with the rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
20
Q
oxygen
A
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cell
21
Q
pacemaker
A
specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat
22
Q
pericardium
A
double layered membrane surrounding the heart
23
Q
pulmonary artery
A
artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs
24
Q
pulmonary circulation
A
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
25
pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
26
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
27
pulse
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
28
septum
partition or wall dividing a cavity
29
sinoatrial node
pacemaker of the heart
30
sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
31
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissue
32
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
33
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
34
valve
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
35
vein
thin walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart
36
vena cava
largest vein in the body
37
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
38
venule
small vein
39
angi/o
vessel
40
aort/o
aorta
41
arter/o, arteri/o
artery
42
ather/o
yellowish plaque
43
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
44
brachi/o
arm
45
cardi/o
heart
46
cholesterol/o
cholesterol
47
coron/o
heart
48
cyan/o
blue
49
myx/o
mucus
50
ox/o
oxygen
51
pericardi/o
pericardium
52
phelb/o
vein
53
rrhythm/o
rhythm
54
sphygm/o
pulse
55
steth/o
chest
56
thromb/o
clot
57
valvul/o, valv/o
valve
58
vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
59
ven/o, ven/i
vein
60
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
61
arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythms
62
bradycardia and heart block
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle
63
flutter
rapid but regular contractions
64
fibrillation
very rapid random inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart
65
congenital heart disease
abnormalities in the heart at birth
66
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta
67
patent ductus arteriosus
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
68
septal defects
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
69
tetralogy of Fallot
congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
70
congestive heart failure
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
71
coronary artery disease
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
72
endosardities
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
73
hypertensive heart disease
high blood pressure affecting the heart
74
mitral valve prolapse
improper closure of the mitral valve
75
murmur
extra heart sound heard between normal beats
76
pericardities
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
77
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
78
aneurysm
local widening of an arterial wall
79
deep vein thrombosis
blood clot forms in a large vein
80
hypertension
high blood pressure
81
peripheral arterial disease
blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
82
Raynaus's disease
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in finger and toes
83
varicose vein
abnormally swollen and twisted veins
84
acute coronary syndromes
unstable angina and myocardial infarction which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
85
angina
chest pain resulting from myocardial ishemia
86
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 causing blood vessels to dilate
87
auscultation
listening for sounds in the blood or other body structures
88
beta blocker
drug used to treat angina, hypertension and arrhythmia
89
biventricular pacemaker
device enabling ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart
90
bruit
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
91
calcium channel blocker
drug used to treat angina and hypertension
92
cardiac arrest
sudden unexpected stoppage of heart action
93
cardiac tamponade
pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
94
claudication
pain, tension and weakness in the leg after walking has begun but absence of pain at rest
95
digoxin
drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthen the heartbeat
96
embolus
clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
97
infarction
area of dead tissue
98
nitrates
drug used in the treatment of angina
99
nitroglycerin
drug used in the treatment of angina
100
occlusion
closure of a blood vessel due to blockage
101
palpitation
uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardia arrhythmias
102
patent
open
103
pericardial friction rub
scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart
104
petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhages
105
statins
drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
106
thrill
vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow
107
vegatations
clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganism, and red blood cells on disease heart valves
108
BNP test
measurement of BNP in blood
109
cardiac biomarkers
chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
110
lipid test
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
111
lipoprotein electrophoresi
lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
112
angiography
x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
113
computed tomography angiography
three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography
114
digital subtraction angiography
video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels
115
electron beam computed tomography
electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD
116
doppler ultrasound studies
sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
117
echocardiography
echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
118
positron emission tomography scan
images show blood glow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose
119
technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan
technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue where it is detected by scanning
120
thallium 201 scan
concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle
121
cardiac MRI
images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field
122
cardiac catheterization
thin flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
123
electrocardiograph
recording of electricity flowing through the heart
124
Holter monitoring
an ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
125
stress test
exercise tolerance test determines the heart's response to physical exertion
126
catheter ablation
brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be caused arrhythmias
127
coronary artery bypass grafting
arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
128
defibrillation
brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias
129
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
130
extracorporeal cirulation
heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired
131
heart transplantation
donor heart is transferred to a recipient
132
percutaneous coronary intervention
balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery
133
thrombolytic therapy
drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
134
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
placement of a balloon expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter
