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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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6
Q

atrioventricular node

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria

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7
Q

atrium

A

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel

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9
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas released by body cells

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10
Q

coronary arteris

A

blood vessel that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen poor

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12
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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13
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record the electricity flowing through the heart

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of blood vessels

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15
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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16
Q

mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and the left ventrucke

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17
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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18
Q

myocardium

A

muscular middle layer of the heart

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19
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating the sinoatrial node with the rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

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20
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cell

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21
Q

pacemaker

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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22
Q

pericardium

A

double layered membrane surrounding the heart

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23
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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24
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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25
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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26
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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27
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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28
Q

septum

A

partition or wall dividing a cavity

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29
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker of the heart

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30
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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31
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissue

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32
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat

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33
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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34
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

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35
Q

vein

A

thin walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart

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36
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body

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37
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

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38
Q

venule

A

small vein

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39
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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40
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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41
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

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42
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque

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43
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

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44
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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45
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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46
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

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47
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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48
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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49
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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50
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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51
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

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52
Q

phelb/o

A

vein

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53
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

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54
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

55
Q

steth/o

A

chest

56
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

57
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

valve

58
Q

vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

59
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

60
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

61
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms

62
Q

bradycardia and heart block

A

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle

63
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions

64
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid random inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart

65
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

66
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

67
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

68
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

69
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

70
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

71
Q

coronary artery disease

A

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

72
Q

endosardities

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

73
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

high blood pressure affecting the heart

74
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

improper closure of the mitral valve

75
Q

murmur

A

extra heart sound heard between normal beats

76
Q

pericardities

A

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

77
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

78
Q

aneurysm

A

local widening of an arterial wall

79
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot forms in a large vein

80
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

81
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

82
Q

Raynaus’s disease

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in finger and toes

83
Q

varicose vein

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins

84
Q

acute coronary syndromes

A

unstable angina and myocardial infarction which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries

85
Q

angina

A

chest pain resulting from myocardial ishemia

86
Q

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

A

antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 causing blood vessels to dilate

87
Q

auscultation

A

listening for sounds in the blood or other body structures

88
Q

beta blocker

A

drug used to treat angina, hypertension and arrhythmia

89
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

device enabling ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

90
Q

bruit

A

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ

91
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

drug used to treat angina and hypertension

92
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden unexpected stoppage of heart action

93
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

94
Q

claudication

A

pain, tension and weakness in the leg after walking has begun but absence of pain at rest

95
Q

digoxin

A

drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthen the heartbeat

96
Q

embolus

A

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

97
Q

infarction

A

area of dead tissue

98
Q

nitrates

A

drug used in the treatment of angina

99
Q

nitroglycerin

A

drug used in the treatment of angina

100
Q

occlusion

A

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

101
Q

palpitation

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardia arrhythmias

102
Q

patent

A

open

103
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart

104
Q

petechiae

A

small pinpoint hemorrhages

105
Q

statins

A

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream

106
Q

thrill

A

vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow

107
Q

vegatations

A

clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganism, and red blood cells on disease heart valves

108
Q

BNP test

A

measurement of BNP in blood

109
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

110
Q

lipid test

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample

111
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresi

A

lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample

112
Q

angiography

A

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

113
Q

computed tomography angiography

A

three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography

114
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels

115
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

116
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

117
Q

echocardiography

A

echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

118
Q

positron emission tomography scan

A

images show blood glow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

119
Q

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan

A

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue where it is detected by scanning

120
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle

121
Q

cardiac MRI

A

images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field

122
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

thin flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

123
Q

electrocardiograph

A

recording of electricity flowing through the heart

124
Q

Holter monitoring

A

an ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

125
Q

stress test

A

exercise tolerance test determines the heart’s response to physical exertion

126
Q

catheter ablation

A

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be caused arrhythmias

127
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

128
Q

defibrillation

A

brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias

129
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

130
Q

extracorporeal cirulation

A

heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

131
Q

heart transplantation

A

donor heart is transferred to a recipient

132
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery

133
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

134
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

placement of a balloon expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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