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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood, maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody

A

specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria

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3
Q

antigen

A

substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony stimulating factor

A

protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells

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8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

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12
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney, stimulates red blood cell formation

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13
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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14
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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15
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein, alpha beta and gamma

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16
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules

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17
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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18
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron

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19
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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20
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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21
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein with antibody activity

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22
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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23
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

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24
Q

macronphage

A

monocyte that migrate from the blood to tissue spaces

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25
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow

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26
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus

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27
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus

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28
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

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29
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow

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30
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood

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31
Q

plasmaphersis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

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32
Q

platelet

A

small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

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33
Q

polymorphonculear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with multilobed nucleaus

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34
Q

prothrombin

A

plasma protein

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35
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte

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36
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on red blood cells of Rh- positive individuals

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37
Q

serum

A

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

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38
Q

stem cell

A

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature specialized forms

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39
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

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40
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

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41
Q

bas/o

A

base

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42
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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43
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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44
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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45
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

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46
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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47
Q

granul/o

A

granules

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48
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

49
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

50
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

51
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

52
Q

leuk/o

A

white

53
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

54
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

55
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

56
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

57
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

58
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

59
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

60
Q

sider/o

A

iron

61
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

62
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

63
Q

-aphersis

A

removal, a carrying away

64
Q

-blast

A

immature or embryonic cell

65
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells

66
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

67
Q

-gen

A

giving rise to, producing

68
Q

-globin, -globulin

A

protein

69
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

70
Q

-oid

A

derived or originating from

71
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

72
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

73
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

74
Q

-philia

A

attraction for

75
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

76
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

77
Q

-stasis

A

stop, control

78
Q

anisocytosis

A

cells are unequal in size

79
Q

hypochromia

A

cells have reduced color

80
Q

macrocytosis

A

cells are large

81
Q

microcytosis

A

cells are small

82
Q

poikilocytosis

A

cells are irregularly shaped

83
Q

sherocytosis

A

cells are spherical

84
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

85
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

86
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

87
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

88
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

89
Q

thalassemia

A

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

90
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body

91
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells

92
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting

93
Q

purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

94
Q

leukemia

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells

95
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

A

immature granulocytes predominate

96
Q

acute lymphoid leukemia

A

immature lymphocytes predominate

97
Q

chronic myeloid leukemia

A

both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and blood

98
Q

chronic lymphoid leukemia

A

abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes and spleen

99
Q

granulocytosis

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

100
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocyte and enlarge cervical lymph nodes

101
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

102
Q

antiglobulin

A

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

103
Q

bleeding time

A

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

104
Q

coagulation time

A

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

105
Q

complete blood count

A

determination of numbers of blood cells

106
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

107
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

108
Q

hemoglobin test

A

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

109
Q

platelet count

A

number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

110
Q

prothrombin time

A

test of the ability of blood to clot

111
Q

red blood cell count

A

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

112
Q

red blood cell morphology

A

microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

113
Q

white blood cell count

A

number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

114
Q

white blood cell differential

A

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

115
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

116
Q

blood transfusion

A

whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

117
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

118
Q

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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