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Bio 1060 Medical term > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acid

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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6
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

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9
Q

karyotype

A

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell

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13
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, pharyx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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14
Q

urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra,

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15
Q

reproductive system female

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland

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16
Q

reproductive system male

A

testes, associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

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17
Q

respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tube, lungs,

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18
Q

endocrine system

A

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

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19
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, collection of nerves

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20
Q

circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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21
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, joints

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22
Q

skin and sense organs

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands,

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23
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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24
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

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25
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surface of organs

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26
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

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27
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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28
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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29
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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30
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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31
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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32
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

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33
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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34
Q

uterus

A

womb

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35
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

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36
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as liver, stomach, gallbladder, intestines

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37
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

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38
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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39
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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40
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

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41
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines

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42
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

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43
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

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44
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

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45
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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46
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus,

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47
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front

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48
Q

hypochondriac

A

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

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49
Q

epigastric

A

middle upper region above the stomach

50
Q

lumbar

A

right and left middle regions near the waist

51
Q

umbilical

A

central region near the navel

52
Q

inguinal

A

right and left lower regions near the groin

53
Q

hypogastric

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

54
Q

cervical

A

neck region

55
Q

thoracic

A

chest region

56
Q

lumbar

A

loin region

57
Q

sacral

A

region of the sacrum

58
Q

coccygeal

A

region of the coccyx

59
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone

60
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

61
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

62
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

63
Q

disk

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

64
Q

anterior

A

front surface of the body

65
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

66
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk

67
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

68
Q

inferior

A

below another structure

69
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

70
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

71
Q

posterior

A

back surface of the body

72
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

73
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk

74
Q

sagittal

A

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

75
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

76
Q

superior

A

above another structer

77
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

78
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

79
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

80
Q

adip/o

A

fat

81
Q

anter/o

A

front

82
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

83
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

84
Q

chrom/o

A

color

85
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx

86
Q

crani/o

A

skull

87
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

88
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

89
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

90
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

91
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

92
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

93
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

94
Q

later/o

A

side

95
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

96
Q

medi/o

A

middle

97
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

98
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

99
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

100
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

101
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

102
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

103
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

104
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

105
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

106
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

107
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

108
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

109
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

110
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

111
Q

ana

A

up

112
Q

cata

A

down

113
Q

epi

A

above

114
Q

hypo

A

below

115
Q

inter

A

between

116
Q

intra

A

within

117
Q

meta

A

change

118
Q

-eal,-iac, -ior, -ism, -ose

A

pertaining to

119
Q

-plasm

A

formation

120
Q

-somes

A

bodies

121
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

Bio 1060 Medical term (18 decks)

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