Chapter 7

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

combination of arousal, physical sensations, and subjective feelings occurring spontaneously in response to environmental stimuli. arouses an organism and stimulates behaviour, but less directly that motivation.

Question 2

motivation

Answer 2

process that directly arouses, maintains, and guides behaviour towards a goal

Question 3

catharsis

Answer 3

views emotion as a resevoir; predicts that expressing an emotion will produce arousal

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 4

description of relationships among task complexity, arousal, and performance

Question 5

insula

Answer 5

regions of cortex located at junction of the frontal and temporal lobes

Question 6

display rule

Answer 6

cultural norm that specifies when, where, and how a person should express an emotion

Question 7

homeostasis

Answer 7

steady internal balance, or equilibrium

Question 8

set point

Answer 8

value that is defended to maintain homeostasis

Question 9

drive

Answer 9

psychological state that encourages behaviours that satisfy needs.

Question 10

drive reduction

Answer 10

state of relief and reward produced by removing tension and arousal

Question 11

incentive

Answer 11

external stimuli that motivates behaviour

Question 12

intrinsic reward

Answer 12

reward that arises internally

Question 13

extrinsic reward

Answer 13

reward from an outside source

Question 14

glucose

Answer 14

type of sugar that plays an important role in hunger levels

Question 15

leptin

Answer 15

hormone secreted by fat cells; helps the body maintain an appropriate level of stored fat

Question 16

satiety

Answer 16

sense of feeling full and not requiring further food

Question 17

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 17

ratio used to identify individuals at a healthy weight, underweight, overweight, and obesity

Question 18

anorexia nervosa

Answer 18

eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of unusually low body weight and distorted body image

Question 19

bulimia nervosa

Answer 19

eating disorder characterized by bingeing, purging, and having feelings of depression, disgust, and lost control

Question 20

binge-eating disorder

Answer 20

eating disorder characterized by eating abnormally large amounts of food in one sitting, without compensatory behaviours

Question 21

testosterone

Answer 21

male hormone

Question 22

sexual orientation

Answer 22

stable pattern of attraction to members of a particular gender

Question 23

affiliation

Answer 23

being associated with other people

Question 24

achievement motivation

Answer 24

desire to excel or outperform others

Question 25

self-actualization

Answer 25

state of having fulfilled your potential

Question 26

James-Lange theory

Answer 26

physical changes leads to specific emotions (classic theory of emotion)

Question 27

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 27

features the simultaneous and independent occurrence of physical reactions and emotions when exposed to an emotional stimuli (classic theory of emotion)

Question 28

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

Answer 28

the combination of our reaction to an emotional situation and our appraisal of it leads to the emotion we feel (classic theory of emotion)

Question 29

somatovisceral afference model of emotion (SAME)

Answer 29

physical sensations require varying degrees of cognitive processing prior to subjective feelings (contemporary theory of emotion)

Question 30

appraisal

Answer 30

detection and assessment of stimuli that are relevant to personal well-being (contemporary theory of emotion)

Question 31

hypothalamus

Answer 31

the brain’s master regulatory centre. in charge of making sure needs are met, not overdone or underdone

Question 32

negative emotions

Answer 32

GENERALLY narrow attention and promote withdrawal

Question 33

positive emotions

Answer 33

GENERALLY broaden attention and leads to creativity and exploration