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Psy100 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

mastery training and slides

1
Q

hippocampus

A

subcortical structure that participates in memory

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2
Q

frontal lobe

A

location of the primary motor cortex; responsible for some of the most complex cognitive processes

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3
Q

endocrine system

A

responsible for the release of hormones into the bloodstream

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4
Q

cerebellum

A

structure attached to the brainstem that participates in skilled movement and complex cognitive processing

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5
Q

somatic nervous system

A

brings sensory information to the central nervous system and transmits commands to the muscles

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6
Q

parietal lobe

A

located at the top of the brain and includes the primary somatosensory cortex

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7
Q

hypothalamus

A

subcortical structure that participates in the regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sexual behavior, and aggression

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8
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles that coordinate arousal

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9
Q

glia

A

performs a variety of support functions, including formation of the blood-brain barrier and myelin

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10
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction

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11
Q

dendrite

A

branch from the neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons

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12
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control

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13
Q

hippocampus

A

subcortical structure that participates in memory

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14
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles

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16
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

carries sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body

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17
Q

amygdala

A

subcortical structure located in the temporal lobe believed to participate in emotional processing

18
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

most forward part of the brain

19
Q

axon

A

branch of a neuron that is usually responsible for transmitting information to other neurons

20
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control

21
Q

basal ganglia

A

collection of subcortical structures that participate in the control of movement

22
Q

corpus callosum

A

wide band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

medulla

A

brainstem structure that lies just above the spinal cord

24
Q

midbrain

A

part of the brainstem that lies between the pons and the cerebral hemispheres

25
Q

pons

A

part of the brainstem located between the medulla and the midbrain

26
Q

temporal lobe

A

curves around the side of each hemisphere of the brain and includes the primary auditory cortex

27
Q

myelin

A

insulating material covering some axons

28
Q

neuron

A

cell of the nervous system that is specialized to send and receive messages

29
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles associated with rest, repair, and energy storage

30
Q

occipital lobe

A

located at the back of the brain and includes the primary visual cortex

31
Q

enteric nervous system

A

consists of nerve cells embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system

32
Q

cingulate cortex

A

subcortical structure above the corpus callosum participating in decision making, emotion, memory, and visual processing

33
Q

thalamus

A

subcortical structure involved with the processing of sensory information, states of arousal, learning, and memory

34
Q

receptor

A

special channel in the membrane of a neuron interacting with neuro_transmitters released by other neurons

35
Q

synapse

A

point of communication between two neurons

36
Q

reticular formation

A

collection of structures along the midline of the brainstem participating in mood, arousal, and sleep

37
Q

what do twin studies/adoption studies do?

A

helps researchers study nature/nurture

38
Q

are twins raised together more different or more similar?

A

More different!

39
Q

epigenetics

A

changes in gene expression due to non-genetic reasons

40
Q

Nature or nurture?

A

always both!

41
Q

heredity

A

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

42
Q

hereditability coefficient

A

an estimate of the genetic proportion of the variation of some specific trait

Psy100 (12 decks)

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