Chapter 4 Flashcards
mastery training and slides
hippocampus
subcortical structure that participates in memory
frontal lobe
location of the primary motor cortex; responsible for some of the most complex cognitive processes
endocrine system
responsible for the release of hormones into the bloodstream
cerebellum
structure attached to the brainstem that participates in skilled movement and complex cognitive processing
somatic nervous system
brings sensory information to the central nervous system and transmits commands to the muscles
parietal lobe
located at the top of the brain and includes the primary somatosensory cortex
hypothalamus
subcortical structure that participates in the regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sexual behavior, and aggression
sympathetic nervous system
directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles that coordinate arousal
glia
performs a variety of support functions, including formation of the blood-brain barrier and myelin
nucleus accumbens
subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction
dendrite
branch from the neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons
orbitofrontal cortex
part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control
hippocampus
subcortical structure that participates in memory
cerebral cortex
thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres
autonomic nervous system
directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
carries sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body
amygdala
subcortical structure located in the temporal lobe believed to participate in emotional processing
prefrontal cortex
most forward part of the brain
axon
branch of a neuron that is usually responsible for transmitting information to other neurons
orbitofrontal cortex
part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control
basal ganglia
collection of subcortical structures that participate in the control of movement
corpus callosum
wide band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres
medulla
brainstem structure that lies just above the spinal cord
midbrain
part of the brainstem that lies between the pons and the cerebral hemispheres
pons
part of the brainstem located between the medulla and the midbrain
temporal lobe
curves around the side of each hemisphere of the brain and includes the primary auditory cortex
myelin
insulating material covering some axons
neuron
cell of the nervous system that is specialized to send and receive messages
parasympathetic nervous system
directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles associated with rest, repair, and energy storage
occipital lobe
located at the back of the brain and includes the primary visual cortex
enteric nervous system
consists of nerve cells embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system
cingulate cortex
subcortical structure above the corpus callosum participating in decision making, emotion, memory, and visual processing
thalamus
subcortical structure involved with the processing of sensory information, states of arousal, learning, and memory
receptor
special channel in the membrane of a neuron interacting with neuro_transmitters released by other neurons
synapse
point of communication between two neurons
reticular formation
collection of structures along the midline of the brainstem participating in mood, arousal, and sleep
what do twin studies/adoption studies do?
helps researchers study nature/nurture
are twins raised together more different or more similar?
More different!
epigenetics
changes in gene expression due to non-genetic reasons
Nature or nurture?
always both!
heredity
the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
hereditability coefficient
an estimate of the genetic proportion of the variation of some specific trait
