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Psy100 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

mastery training and slides

1
Q

recognition heuristic

A

higher value is placed on the more easily recognized alternative

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2
Q

intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

measure of individual abilites relative to a statistically normal curve

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3
Q

functional fixedness

A

possible barrier to successful problem solving; concept is considered only in its most typical form

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4
Q

intelligence

A

ability to understand complex ideas, adapt effectively, learn from experience, reason, and overcome obstacles

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5
Q

exemplar

A

specific member of the category used to represent the category

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6
Q

cognition

A

internal mental processes including information processing, problem solving, thinking, and reasoning

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7
Q

concept

A

organizing principle derived from experience

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8
Q

phoneme

A

speech sound

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9
Q

problem

A

situation in which a current state is seperated from an ideal state by obstacles

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10
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

measure of an individual’s overall abilities as opposed to specific abilities

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11
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

ability to think logically using specific learned knowledge

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12
Q

giftedness

A

extreme of intelligence defined as having an IQ score of 130 or above

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13
Q

problem solving

A

use of information to meet a specific goal

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14
Q

prototype

A

representation of a category made by averaging all members of the category

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15
Q

morpheme

A

smallest component of speech that carries meaning

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16
Q

fluid intelligence

A

ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge

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17
Q

affect heuristic

A

choice between alternatives based on emotional or “gut” reaction to stimuli

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18
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

stimuli similar to a prototype are believed to be more likely than dissimilar stimuli

19
Q

availability heuristic

A

frequency of an events occurrence is predicted by the ease of which it is thought of

20
Q

language

A

system of communicating thoughts and feelings using arbitrary signals

21
Q

intellectual disability

A

condition diagnosed in individuals with an IQ score below 70 and poor adaptive behaviours

22
Q

heuristic

A

shortcut to problem solving; also known as rule of thumb

23
Q

bilingual

A

proficient in two languages

24
Q

aphasia

A

loss of the ability to speak or understand languages

25
Q

algorithm

A

precise, step-by-step rules that will reliably generate a solution to a problem

26
Q

the sapir-whorf hypothesis

A

linguistic determination vs linguisitic relativism

27
Q

representation

A

anything that stands in for or corresponds to something else

28
Q

mental representation

A

a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality

29
Q

categorization

A

the process of grouping things based on shared information

30
Q

classical categorization

A

objects are categorized according to a certain set of rules or specific set of features

31
Q

reasoning

A

using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

32
Q

decision making

A

attempting to select the best alternative among several options

33
Q

deductive reasoning

A

reason from general to specific by using a belief or rule to determine if a conclusion is valid

34
Q

inductive reasoning

A

reason from specific to general by using examples or instances to determine if a conclusion is likely to be true

35
Q

satisficer

A

“good enough” approach to decision making

36
Q

maximizer

A

“best possible outcome” approach to decision making

37
Q

framing effects

A

changes in the way information is percieved as a result of the way in which it was presented

38
Q

factor analysis

A

a statistical method the looks at how lots of different observations correlate and determines how many theoretical constructs could most simply explain what you see

39
Q

Stanovich’s notion of ‘disrationalia’

A

the inability to think and behave rationally despite having adequate intelligence

40
Q

the Cognitive Reflection Test

A

better predictor of performance on heuristics and biases problems than IQ-type measures

41
Q

Carol Dweck mindset theory

A

fixed mindset vs. growth mindset

42
Q

Stanberg’s 3 intelligences theory

A

analytical, creative, practical

43
Q

Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory

A

people can show skill in a variety of domains. related to learning styles theory

44
Q

emotional intelligence (EQ)

A

social intelligence that emphasizes the ability to manage one’s emotions, recognize emotions in others, understand emotional language, and use emotions to guide thoughts and actions

Psy100 (12 decks)

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