Chapter 14

Question 1

abnormal psychology

Answer 1

study of psychological disorders

Question 2

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 2

characterized in deficits in social relatedness and communication skills; often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behaviour

Question 3

examples of psychological disorders

Answer 3

autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 4

schizophrenia

Answer 4

characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought and speech, restricted affect, and avolition or asociality

Question 5

social anxiety disorder

Answer 5

characterized by unrealistic fear of being scrutinized and criticized by others

Question 6

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 6

caused by a disturbing or distressing experience leading to flashbacks, dreams, and hypervigilance

Question 7

comorbid

Answer 7

two or more disorders in the same individual

Question 8

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 8

system for classification of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association

Question 9

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 9

characterized by either unusual inattentiveness, impulsivity, or both

Question 10

delusion

Answer 10

false, illogical belief

Question 11

hallucination

Answer 11

false perception

Question 12

bipolar disorder

Answer 12

characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression

Question 13

mania

Answer 13

period of unrealistically elevated mood

Question 14

major depressive disorder

Answer 14

characterized by periods of loss of pleasure in normal activities, hopelessness, and possible thoughts of suicide

Question 15

learned helplessness

Answer 15

state in which experiencing random or uncontrolled consequences leads to feelings of helplessness and depression

Question 16

diathesis-stress model

Answer 16

experience of stress interacts with an individual’s biological predisposition to produce a psychological disorder

Question 17

anxiety disorder

Answer 17

features feelings of worry or unease that is not proportional to a person’s circumstances

Question 18

specific phobia

Answer 18

fears of objects rather than those associated with agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder

Question 19

panic attack

Answer 19

experience of intense fear and automatic arousal in the absence of real threat

Question 20

panic disorder

Answer 20

characterized by repeated attacks of experiences of intense fear and fear of future attacks

Question 21

agoraphobia

Answer 21

unrealistic fear of open spaces, being outside the home alone, or being in a crowd

Question 22

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 22

characterized by excessive unease and worry that is not correlated with particular objects or situations

Question 23

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 23

disorder associated with intrusive preoccupations of distressing thoughts and compulsions

Question 24

obsession

Answer 24

intrusive, distressing thought

Question 25

compulsion

Answer 25

repetitive, ritualistic behaviour associated with high anxiety

Question 26

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 26

characterized by unrealistic perception of physical flaws

Question 27

dissociative disorder

Answer 27

characterized by disruptions in a person’s identity, memory, or consciousness

Question 28

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 28

characterized by physical manifestations that do not have underlying medical cause

Question 29

personality disorder

Answer 29

characterized by impairments in identity, traits, and in establishment of empathy or intimacy

Question 30

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Answer 30

characterized by an unusual lack of remorse, empathy, or regard for normal social conventions

Question 31

borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Answer 31

characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion

Question 32

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 32

characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, and low empathy