Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psy100 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

mastery training and slides

1
Q

cochlea

A

structure in the inner ear that contains auditory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transduction

A

translation of incoming sensory information into neural signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

signal detection

A

analysis of sensory and decision-making processes in the detection of faint, uncertain stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

olfactory nerve

A

nerve carrying information of smells from the receptors to the bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cornea

A

clear surface that begins the process of directing light to the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vestibular system

A

located in the inner ear and provides information about body position and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

somatosensation

A

body senses, including body position, touch, skin temperature, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

optic tract

A

nerve pathway traveling to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory adaptation

A

tendency to pay less attention to a nonchanging source of stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fovea

A

area of the retina that is specialized for highly detailed vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor in the retina that processes color and fine detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

auditory nerve

A

carries sound information from the cochlea to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

retinal disparity

A

difference between the images projected onto each eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

olfactory bulb

A

structures below the frontal lobes that receive input from the receptors in the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

optic nerve

A

carries visual information exiting the retina of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gate theory

A

theory that suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor specialized to detect dim light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

depth perception

A

ability to use the two-dimensional image projected on the retina to perceive three dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gustation

A

sense of taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

top-down processing

A

perceptual process in which memory and cognitive processes are required for interpreting incoming sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pupil

A

opening formed by the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

organ of Corti

A

structure located on the basilar membrane that contains auditory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

transduction

A

translation of incoming sensory information into neural signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

iris

A

brightly colored circular muscle of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

psychophysics

A

study of relationships between the physical qualities of stimuli and the subjective responses they produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

papillae

A

small bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

trichromatic theory

A

different types of cones exist for the detection of short, medium, and long wavelengths

30
Q

lens

A

clear structure that bends light toward the retina

31
Q

monocular cue

A

depth cue that requires the use of only one eye

32
Q

basilar membrane

A

structure in the cochlea on which the organ of Corti is located

33
Q

bottom-up processing

A

perception based on building simple input into more complex perceptions

34
Q

opponent process theory

A

activation of one color in the red-green or blue-yellow color channel inhibits the other color

35
Q

retina

A

layers of visual processing cells

36
Q

binocular cue

A

depth cue that requires the use of both eyes

37
Q

sensation

A

the detection of external stimuli, response to stimuli, and transmission of responses to brain

38
Q

perception

A

processing, organizing, and interpretation of sensory signals in the brain, and your conscious experience of it

39
Q

What is the only sense that is not sent to the thalamus?

A

smell

40
Q

difference threshold

A

the minimum amount of change in stimuli required for a person to notice

41
Q

What are the stimuli for taste?

A

chemical substances from food that dissolve in saliva

42
Q

5 tastes?

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

43
Q

what are the stimuli for smell?

A

chemical substances that dissolve in fluid on mucous membranes in the nose

44
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

thin layer of tissue in the nose embedded with smell receptors

45
Q

where do smell receptors transmit their information to?

A

the olfactory bulb in the brain

46
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

recieves info from smell, taste, and sight. flavour perception

47
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

respond to mechanical distortion or pressure

48
Q

where are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors found?

A

the cochlea. used to hear soundwaves

49
Q

more sensitive areas tend to have more WHAT devoted to them?

A

cortical area. (lips, fingers etc)

50
Q

where are nerve signals sent?

A

first thalamus, then to primary sensory cortex in parietal lobe

51
Q

nocireceptors

A

pain receptors

52
Q

how are nocireceptors activated?

A

by damaging them

53
Q

myelinated (A delta) fibres

A

sharp, immediate pain

54
Q

lightly or non-myelinated (C) fibres

A

dull, steady pain

55
Q

accomodation

A

muscles change the shape of the lens, flattening it to focus on distant objects and thickening it to focus on closer objects

56
Q

photoreceptors

A

convert the energy from light particles (photons) into a chemical reaction that produces an electrical signal

57
Q

visual transmission?

A

rods and cones to bipolar, amacrine, horizontal cells, to ganglion cells/optic nerve to thalamus to primary visual cortex to dorsal and/or ventral stream

58
Q

dorsal stream

A

specialized for spatial perception, determining where an object is and its spatial relation to other objects

59
Q

ventral stream

A

specialized for perception and recognition of objects, such as determining color and shape

60
Q

What are the three types of cones?

A

S (short wavelength) which percieves blue, M (medium wavelength) which percieves green, and L (long wavelength) which percieves red

61
Q

what are the gestalt principles of perceptual organization?

A

figure-ground relationship, proximity, similarity, good continuation, closure, and illusory contours

62
Q

figure-ground relationship

A

whatever is not the focus of your gaze is automatically assigned as background

63
Q

proximity

A

the closer two objects are, the more likely we are to group them together and see them as being part of the same object

64
Q

similarity

A

we tend to group figures according to how closely they resemble each another

65
Q

good continuation

A

we tend to interpret intersecting lines as continuous rather than suddenly changing directions

66
Q

closure

A

we tend to complete figures that have gaps

67
Q

illusory contours

A

we percieve contours even when they don’t exist, if something in the figures suggest they ought to be present

68
Q

motion parallax

A

objects that are far away tend to move slower than objects that are closer

69
Q

A weatherman is standing outside in a terrible hurricane, when the wind launches a giant piece of metal into the side of his head, above his right ear. This likely damaged his:

A

Temporal lobe

70
Q

Damage to the temporal lobe, would likely lead to problems with:

A

hearing

71
Q

Annette has studied Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and believes it adequately describes the way the world works. What would she say about the developmental shift from, for instance, the preoperational to the concrete operational period of development?

A

Children in these two stages are qualitatively difference from one another.

72
Q

If a split brain patient is shown an image of a trumpet in their left visual field, how might they best be able to identify the object?

A

They could attempt to draw it with their left hand

Psy100 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions