Chapter 13

Question 1

attribution

Answer 1

judgement about the cause of a person’s behaviour

Question 2

dispositional attribution

Answer 2

judgement assigning the cause of a person’s behaviour to personal qualities or characteristics

Question 3

situational attribution

Answer 3

judgement assigning the cause of a person’s behaviour to the environment

Question 4

correspondence bias

Answer 4

tendency to view behaviour as the result of disposition

Question 5

actor-observer bias

Answer 5

emphasizing dispositional attributions to explain other’s behaviour while emphasizing situational attributions to explain our own

Question 6

self-serving bias

Answer 6

attributing success to dispositional factors while attributing failure to situational factors

Question 7

just-world belief

Answer 7

assumption that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

Question 8

attitude

Answer 8

positive or negative evaluation the predisposes behaviour toward an object, person, or situation

Question 9

cognitive dissonance

Answer 9

uncomfortable state occurring when behaviour and attitudes misalign; can be resolved through attitude change

Question 10

cognitive consistency

Answer 10

preference for holding congruent attitudes and beliefs

Question 11

persuasion

Answer 11

change in attitude in response to information provided by another person

Question 12

elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

Answer 12

predicts responses to persuasive messages by distinguishing between the central and peripheral route to persuasion

Question 13

prejudice

Answer 13

prejudgement, usually negative, of another person on the basis of membership in a group

Question 14

stereotype

Answer 14

simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category

Question 15

discrimination

Answer 15

unfair behaviour based on stereotyping and prejudice

Question 16

social norm

Answer 16

usually unwritten or unspoken rule for behaviour in group settings

Question 17

conformity

Answer 17

matching behaviour and appearance to perceived social norms

Question 18

compliance

Answer 18

agreement with a request from a person with no perceived authority

Question 19

door-in-the-face

Answer 19

persuasive technique; compliance with a target request is preceded by a large, unreasonable request

Question 20

foot-in-the-door

Answer 20

persuasive technique; compliance with a small request precedes a larger request that would otherwise be rejected

Question 21

low-balling

Answer 21

making further requests of a person who has already committed to a course of action

Question 22

obedience

Answer 22

compliance with a request from an authority figure

Question 23

mere exposure effect

Answer 23

situation in which repeated contact increases liking

Question 24

bystander intervention

Answer 24

study of situational variables related to helping a stranger

Question 25

aggression

Answer 25

conscious intent to harm another

Question 26

group processes

Answer 26

social facilitation, groupthink, social loafing, deindividuation, group polarization

Question 27

social facilitation

Answer 27

situation in which the presence of other people changes performace

Question 28

social loafing

Answer 28

reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in a group

Question 29

deindividuation

Answer 29

immersion of an individual within a group, leading to anonymity

Question 30

group polarization

Answer 30

intensifying of an attitude following discussion

Question 31

groupthink

Answer 31

type of flawed decision making in which a group does not question its decisions critically