Chapter 7

Question 1

Process in which cells become different during development, caused by them using different subsets of DNA

Answer 1

Differentiation

Question 2

The order of nucleotide bases in a DNA strand

Answer 2

DNA Sequence

Question 3

Condensed structure of DNA inside cell

Answer 3

Chromosome

Question 4

After duplication, a chromosome is two identical DNA molecules attached at a region called the…

Answer 4

Centromere

Question 5

Two identical halves of a duplicated eukaryotic chromosome

Answer 5

Sister Chromatids

Question 6

Sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type

Answer 6

Chromosome number

Question 7

Cells with two sets of chromosomes

Answer 7

Diploid

Question 8

Image of an individual cells chromosomes

Answer 8

Karyotype

Question 9

Paired chromosomes that are the same in females and males with the same length, shape and centromere location

Answer 9

Autosomes

Question 10

Members of a pair of chromosomes that differ between males and females, and determine an individuals sex

Answer 10

Sex chromosomes

Question 11

The process in which a cell copies its chromosome

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

Enzyme that carries out DNA synthesis during replication

Answer 12

DNA polymerase

Question 13

Short single strand of DNA where DNA polymerase attaches

Answer 13

Primer

Question 14

A permanent charge in the DNA sequence of a chromosome

Answer 14

Mutation

Question 15

1.) transmit complete genetic information from one generation to the next
2.) be found in the same amounts in cells of a given species
3.) be exempt from major metabolic change: quantity should not change over time in cells of a given time
4.) be capable of storing the huge amount of information required to build a new individual

Answer 15

Properties of a hereditary material

Question 16

Has three components
- one nitrogen-containing base
- one five carbon sugar
- Phosphate groups

Answer 16

Components of nucleotides

Question 17

• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)
• Guanine (G)
• Cytosine (C)

Answer 17

Four types of nucleotides

Question 18

Base of each nucleotide on one strand pairs with suitable partner on the other
- A pairs with T (letters made of only straight lines)
- G pairs with C (letters that have curves)

Answer 18

Complementary base pairing

Question 19

1.) As DNA replication begins, enzyme pry apart the two DNA strands
2.) Primers base-pair with DNA strands
3.) DNA polymerase uses each strand as a template to assemble new strands of DNA from free nucleotides
4.) DNA ligase seals any gaps to form a continuous strand
5.) Two double-stranded molecules of DNA have formed

Answer 19

Process of DNA Synthesis

Question 20

DNA mutations can arise from both internal errors during DNA replication and external environmental factors, known as mutagens.

Answer 20

Source of DNA mutation, which ones are from environmental damage, and how each leads to mutation

Question 21

James Watson and Francis Crick they determined it to be a double helix, they used evidence from other scientists Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Answer 21

Discoverers of DNA structure and what they found

Question 22

It’s a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between C-G and A-T base pairs.

Answer 22

Anatomy of DNA molecule