Chapter 3

Question 1

lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and controls which substances move in and out

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

A jellylike mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

The structure that carries out specialized metabolic functions

Answer 3

Organelles

Question 4

Organelles that synthesize proteins-ALL CELLS HAVE ______

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

Organelle that contains DNA

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Everything between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Include cytosol and Organelles.

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Uses visible light
Light bouncing off a passing through the subject can be used
Polarized light can highlight the edges of some structures

Answer 7

Light Microscopy

Question 8

Uses fluorescent dyes that absorb light of a particular color and emit light of a different color
These dyes are often used to find the location of a molecule or structure of interest.

Answer 8

Fluorescent Microscopy

Question 9

Uses magnetic fields as lenses to focus beams of electrons onto the sample

Answer 9

Electron Microscopy

Question 10

Cell Theory

Answer 10

one of the foundations of modern biology
1.Every living organism consists of one or more cells
2.The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Cells are individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism
3.All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells

Question 11

Mosaic of proteins and lipids (mainly phospholipids) that function as a selectively permeable barrier separating an internal environment from an external one

Answer 11

The Lipid Bilayer

Question 12

fasten cells to each other and hold them in place

Answer 12

Adhesion Proteins

Question 13

Trigger changes in cell’s activities in response to a stimulus

Answer 13

Receptor Proteins

Question 14

Move specific substances across the bilayer
All cell membranes also have enzymes, which speed reactions that occur near membranes

Answer 14

Transport Proteins

Question 15

Bacteria and archaea domains

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

small circles of DNA with specific functions

Answer 16

Plasmids

Question 17

Contains circular DNA molecule in a _______ region

Answer 17

Nucleoid

Question 18

A rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of most prokaryotes

Answer 18

Cell wall

Question 19

In many bacteria, a sticky _____ surrounds the cell wall
It helps cells adhere to surfaces and protects against predators and toxins

Answer 19

Capsule

Question 20

Protein filaments are used to help cells cling to or move across surfaces or for DNA transfer

Answer 20

Pili

Question 21

long, slender cellular structures used for mobility
Bacteria often live together in communities

Answer 21

Flagella

Question 22

Community of different types of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime

Often composed of Prokaryotes
Provides various advantages to th

Answer 22

Biofilm

Question 23

A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus

Answer 23

Nuclear Envelope

Question 24

Large complex of proteins that allow molecules in and out of the nucleus

Answer 24

Nuclear Pores

Question 25

Double-membraned organelle where aerobic respiration occurs

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

organelle specialized for photosynthesis Occurs in photosynthetic cells of plants and protists

Answer 26

Chloroplasts

Question 27

Series of interacting organelles between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Answer 27

Endomembrane Systems

Question 28

Small, membrane-enclosed, sacklike organelle

Answer 28

Vesicle

Question 29

vesicle with enzymes for breaking down cellular debris and waste

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

A fluid-filled vesicle that isolates or disposes of wastes, debris, or toxic materials

Answer 30

Vacuole

Question 31

a continuous system of sacs and tubes that makes lipids and proteins

Answer 31

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 32

is studded with ribosomes, makes proteins

Answer 32

Rough ER

Question 33

has no ribosomes, and its major function is to make phospholipids

Answer 33

Smooth ER

Question 34

Organelle that modifies proteins and lipids The ER delivers vesicles with proteins and lipids to the _______ Sorts and packages the finished products into transport proteins

Answer 34

Golgi Body

Question 35

a system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm that reinforce, organize, and move cell structures

Answer 35

Cytoskeleton

Question 36

Components of all cells

Answer 36

Plasma Membrane Cytosol DNA Cytoplasm

Question 37

A cell membrane can be considered a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition The fluidity occurs because phospholipids are not chemically bonded to each other - molecules drift, spin, etc

Answer 37

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 38

Organelles only found in eukaryotes

Answer 38

Nucleus Membrane-bound organelles

Question 39

Functions of Nucleus

Answer 39

Keeps DNA away from metabolic processes that might damage it Controls passage of molecules across the membrane

Question 40

Endomembrane System Components

Answer 40

Cell membrane, Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, vesicles, vacuoles, and lysosomes