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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and controls which substances move in and out

A

Plasma Membrane

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2
Q

A jellylike mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

The structure that carries out specialized metabolic functions

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Organelles that synthesize proteins-ALL CELLS HAVE ______

A

Ribosomes

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5
Q

Organelle that contains DNA

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Everything between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Include cytosol and Organelles.

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Uses visible light
Light bouncing off a passing through the subject can be used
Polarized light can highlight the edges of some structures

A

Light Microscopy

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8
Q

Uses fluorescent dyes that absorb light of a particular color and emit light of a different color
These dyes are often used to find the location of a molecule or structure of interest.

A

Fluorescent Microscopy

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9
Q

Uses magnetic fields as lenses to focus beams of electrons onto the sample

A

Electron Microscopy

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10
Q

Cell Theory

A

one of the foundations of modern biology
1.Every living organism consists of one or more cells
2.The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Cells are individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism
3.All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells

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11
Q

Mosaic of proteins and lipids (mainly phospholipids) that function as a selectively permeable barrier separating an internal environment from an external one

A

The Lipid Bilayer

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12
Q

fasten cells to each other and hold them in place

A

Adhesion Proteins

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13
Q

Trigger changes in cell’s activities in response to a stimulus

A

Receptor Proteins

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14
Q

Move specific substances across the bilayer
All cell membranes also have enzymes, which speed reactions that occur near membranes

A

Transport Proteins

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15
Q

Bacteria and archaea domains

A

Prokaryotes

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16
Q

small circles of DNA with specific functions

A

Plasmids

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17
Q

Contains circular DNA molecule in a _______ region

A

Nucleoid

18
Q

A rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of most prokaryotes

A

Cell wall

19
Q

In many bacteria, a sticky _____ surrounds the cell wall
It helps cells adhere to surfaces and protects against predators and toxins

A

Capsule

20
Q

Protein filaments are used to help cells cling to or move across surfaces or for DNA transfer

A

Pili

21
Q

long, slender cellular structures used for mobility
Bacteria often live together in communities

A

Flagella

22
Q

Community of different types of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime

Often composed of Prokaryotes
Provides various advantages to th

A

Biofilm

23
Q

A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

24
Q

Large complex of proteins that allow molecules in and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Pores

25
Q

Double-membraned organelle where aerobic respiration occurs

A

Mitochondria

26
Q

organelle specialized for photosynthesis
Occurs in photosynthetic cells of plants and protists

A

Chloroplasts

27
Q

Series of interacting organelles between the nucleus and plasma membrane

A

Endomembrane Systems

28
Q

Small, membrane-enclosed, sacklike organelle

A

Vesicle

29
Q

vesicle with enzymes for breaking down cellular debris and waste

A

Lysosome

30
Q

A fluid-filled vesicle that isolates or disposes of wastes, debris, or toxic materials

A

Vacuole

31
Q

a continuous system of sacs and tubes that makes lipids and proteins

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

32
Q

is studded with ribosomes, makes proteins

A

Rough ER

33
Q

has no ribosomes, and its major function is to make phospholipids

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

Organelle that modifies proteins and lipids
The ER delivers vesicles with proteins and lipids to the _______
Sorts and packages the finished products into transport proteins

A

Golgi Body

35
Q

a system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm that reinforce, organize, and move cell structures

A

Cytoskeleton

36
Q

Components of all cells

A

Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
DNA
Cytoplasm

37
Q

A cell membrane can be considered a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition
The fluidity occurs because phospholipids are not chemically bonded to each other - molecules drift, spin, etc

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

38
Q

Organelles only found in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles

39
Q

Functions of Nucleus

A

Keeps DNA away from metabolic processes that might damage it

Controls passage of molecules across the membrane

40
Q

Endomembrane System Components

A

Cell membrane, Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, vesicles, vacuoles, and lysosomes

Biology (7 decks)

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