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Biology > Biology Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 17 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific location and tend to mate with one another

A

Population

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2
Q

The study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and the environment

A

Ecology

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3
Q

the total geographic area occupied by all populations of a species

A

Range

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4
Q

Number of individuals in a population

A

Population size

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5
Q

Number of individuals in some specified area or volume

A

Population Density

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6
Q

how members of a population are spread out in their environment

A

Population Distribution

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7
Q

Distribution of individuals among various age groups

A

Population Age structure

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8
Q

the rate at which the population changes per individual in the population.

A

Per Capita Growth Rate

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9
Q

describes how a population’s size changes over time if per capita growth rate is constant and resources are unlimited.

A

Exponential model of population growth

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10
Q

factor whose negative effect on growth is felt most in dense populations

A

Density-dependent limiting factor

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11
Q

Competition among members of the same species

A

Intraspecific Competition

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12
Q

model of growth of a population limited by density-dependent factors

A

Logistic model of population growth

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13
Q

maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely

A

Carrying capacity

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14
Q

limits growth in populations regardless of their density

A

Density-Independent limiting factors

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15
Q

maximum growth rate under ideal conditions

A

Biotic Potential

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16
Q

a set of heritable traits related to growth, survival, and reproduction

A

Life history traits

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17
Q

a group of individuals born in the same time interval

A

Cohort

18
Q

a graph showing a decline in numbers of a cohort over time

A

Survivorship curve

19
Q

individuals produce as many offspring as possible, as quickly as possible

A

Opportunistic life history

20
Q

individuals produce a few, high-quality offspring

A

Equilibrial life history

21
Q

average number of children born to women in a particular
population during their
reproductive years

A

Total fertility rate

22
Q

the amount of Earth’s surface required to support a particular level of development and consumption

A

Ecological footprint

23
Q

Population characteristics

A

Size
Density
Distribution types
Age structure

24
Q

members of the population are closer to one another that would be predicted by chance

A

Clumped Distribution

25
Q

individuals are more evenly distributed than expected by chance

A

Uniform Distribution

26
Q

Individuals are randomly distributed Rare in nature

A

Random Distribution

27
Q

For small, well-defined populations. Scientists can count all individuals of a population

A

Direct counts

28
Q

Mark-recapture sampling: researchers search for and capture animals, mark them, then release them, at a later point they capture animals again

A

Indirect counts

29
Q

Interact to determine population fates

A

Density-dependent and independent

30
Q

convex shape; high death rate late in life

A

Type I

31
Q

diagonal line; constant death rate at all ages

A

Type II

32
Q

concave shape; high death rate early in life

A

Type III

33
Q

Predation can alter life history patterns when predators (including humans) act as selective agents on prey populations

A

Effect of predators on life history patterns

34
Q

Factors leading to human population growth

A

Agriculture and Capacity for new skills allowed humans to live in all habitats

35
Q

Human population growth pattern

A

Increasing per capita growth rate for much of our history

36
Q

Wide base age structure diagram

A

Growing population

37
Q

Column shape age structure diagram

A

Stable population

38
Q

Narrow base age structure diagram

A

Shrinking population

39
Q

Demographic transition model High birth and death rates, low growth rate

A

Preindustrial

40
Q

Demographic transition model death rates fall, birthrates decline slowly, high growth

A

Transitional

41
Q

Demographic transition model Birthrates close to death rate, Stable growth

A

Industrial

42
Q

Demographic transition model Birthrate falls below death rate, shrinking

A

Postindustrial

Biology (3 decks)

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