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Biology > Biology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Building block of all matter

A

Atom

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3
Q

An association of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

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4
Q

smallest unit of life (made of molecules)

A

Cell

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5
Q

Specific cell types organized in a pattern and performing a specific function

A

Tissue

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6
Q

Tissues that carry out a specific task

A

Organ

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7
Q

Interacting organs and tissues that fulfill body functions

A

Organ system

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8
Q

An individual, consists of one or more cells

A

Organism

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9
Q

Group of individuals of a species in a given area

A

Population

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10
Q

All populations of all species in a given area

A

Community

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11
Q

A community interacting with its environment

A

Ecosystem

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12
Q

All regions of Earth that hold life

A

Biosphere

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13
Q

Process by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding to change

A

Homeostasis

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14
Q

Capacity to do work

A

Energy

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15
Q

Substance that is necessary for survival that an organism cannot make itself

A

Nutrients

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16
Q

Make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from non-biological sources

A

Producers

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17
Q

Obtain energy by feeding on other organisms

A

Consumers

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18
Q

Transmission of DNA to offspring

A

Inheritance

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19
Q

Scope of variation among living organisms

A

Biodiversity

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20
Q

Sacklike structure containing cells DNA

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus (Bacteria and Archaea)

A

Prokaryotes

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22
Q

Organisms that do have a nucleus

A

Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi)

23
Q

Multi-celled, photosynthetic producer

A

Plant

24
Q

Multi-celled consumer that ingests food or juices of other organisms

A

Animal

25
Q

Eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant or animal. Vary from single-celled consumers to Giant multi-celled producers

A

Protists

26
Q

Eukaryotic consumer that breaks down food externally

A

Fungi

27
Q

Practice of naming and classifying species based on traits, inherited characteristics

A

Taxonomy

28
Q

A group of organisms that share a unique set of traits, a rank within taxonomic level

A

Taxon (plural=Taxa)

29
Q

Systematic study of our observable world

A

Science

30
Q

Testable explanation for a natural phenomenon

A

Hypothesis

31
Q

Statement, based on hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct

A

Prediction

32
Q

Scientific method

A

1.Observe some aspect of nature
2.Think of an explanation for your observation
3.Test hypothesis
4.Decide whether the results of the tests support your hypothesis or not
5.Report your results to the scientific community

33
Q

Test designed to support or falsify a prediction

A

Experiment

34
Q

Test results from experiment/research

A

Data

35
Q

Characteristic that differs among individuals or over time

A

Variable

36
Q

A group if individuals who have a certain characteristic or receive certain treatment

A

Experimental group

37
Q

Group not exposed to the independent variable being tested

A

Control group

38
Q

Difference between results obtained as a subset and results from the whole

A

Sampling error

39
Q

The chance a particular outcome will occur

A

Probability

40
Q

A result that is not likely to have occurred by chance

A

Statistically significant

41
Q

Phenomenon observed to occur in every circumstance without fail

A

Law of Nature

42
Q

Claims, arguments, or methods that are presented as science but do not follow scientific principles

A

Pseudoscience

43
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
biosphere

44
Q

Characteristics of all living things

A

1.Made of one or more cells
2.Require energy and nutrients
3.Perform homeostasis
4.Use DNA as hereditary material

45
Q

Difference between the cycle of Energy and Nutrients

A

Oneway flow of energy and Cycling of nutrients throughout biosphere

46
Q

Cellular activities that DNA guides

A

Growth
Development
Inheritance

47
Q

Individuals in a population share like DNA (Unity)

A

DNA similarity

48
Q

Individuals vary from one another because of small differences in the details of DNA molecules (Diversity)

A

DNA Differences

49
Q

How do living things differ?

A

Observable characteristics and classification schemes

50
Q

Types of Eukaryotes

A

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists

51
Q

Every species is given a unique two-part name. First is Genus (group of species that share a set of unique traits), second is specific epithet (species)

A

Linnaean System

52
Q

How we decide if organisms are the same species or not

A

compare traits and DNA

53
Q

Importance of Feedback

A

Giving other scientists an opportunity to check experimental design, and conclusions

54
Q

Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing

A

Scientific theory

Biology (3 decks)

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