Chapter 4

Question 1

The stored energy of an object due to its position or condition

Answer 1

Potential Energy

Question 2

Process of chemical change

Answer 2

Reaction

Question 3

Molecule that enter a reaction

Answer 3

Reactant

Question 4

A molecule remaining at the end of a reaction

Answer 4

Product

Question 5

Minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction

Answer 5

Activation Energy

Question 6

Protein or RNA that speeds a reaction without being changed by it

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

Specific Reactant molecule acted upon by an enzyme

Answer 7

Substrate

Question 8

Pocket where substrates bind and the reaction occurs

Answer 8

Active Site

Question 9

Metal ions or organic molecules that associate with an enzyme and are necessary for its function

Answer 9

Cofactors

Question 10

An organic cofactor

Answer 10

Coenzyme

Question 11

Series of enzyme-meditated reaction by which cells build, remodel, or break down an organic molecule

Answer 11

Metabolic Pathway

Question 12

Mechanism by which a change that results from some activity decreases or stops the activity

Answer 12

Feedback Inhibition

Question 13

An array of membrane-bound enzymes and other molecules that accept and give up electrons in sequence

Answer 13

Electron Transfer Chain

Question 14

Spontaneous spreading of atoms or molecules through a liquid or gas

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

Only some substances can diffuse though

Answer 15

Selectively Permeable

Question 16

Low solute concentration relative to another fluid

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

High solute concentration relative to another fluid

Answer 17

Hypertonic

Question 18

Same solute concentration relative to another fluid

Answer 18

Isotonic

Question 19

Diffusion of water through a membrane

Answer 19

Osmosis

Question 20

Pressure that a fluid exerts against a structure that contains it

Answer 20

Turgor Pressure

Question 21

Membrane crossing mechanism that requires no energy input

Answer 21

Passive Transport

Question 22

A solute crossing mechanism that requires no energy input

Answer 22

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 23

A transport protein uses energy (ATP) to pump a solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient

Answer 23

Active Transport

Question 24

Movement through vesicles

Answer 24

Vesicle-based transport

Question 25

Process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid by ballooning inward of its cellular membrane

Answer 25

Endocytosis

Question 26

Process by which a cell expels a vesicles contents to extracellular fluid my merging the vesicle with the plasma membrane

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

A type of endocytosis where cells which as macrophages and other white blood cells engulf particles such as microbes or cellular debris

Answer 27

Phagocytosis

Question 28

Uses carrier and channel proteins to move molecules from high to low concentration without spending energy

Answer 28

Protein-based transport

Question 29

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 29

First Law Of Thermodynamics

Question 30

Energy tends to disperse spontaneously

Answer 30

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Question 31

The amount of energy needed to break the bond

Answer 31

Bond Energy

Question 32

Primary and secondary (blank) transport

Answer 32

Two types of active-transport

Question 33

Two types of (blank) transport are endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 33

Two types of vesicle-transport

Question 34

Three types of (blank) transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Answer 34

Three types of passive transport