Chapter 5

Question 1

Harnessed sunlight energy to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

Produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemical energy in their environment

Answer 2

Autotroph

Question 3

Rely on other organisms for survival

Answer 3

Heterotroph

Question 4

Convert light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen, occur at the thylakoid membrane

Answer 4

Light-dependent reactions

Question 5

ATP and NADPH (energy from light dependent reactions) drive synthesis of sugar backbone from CO2 and water, occurs in the stroma

Answer 5

Light-independent reactions

Question 6

Organelle of photosynthesis in plants and some protists

Answer 6

Chloroplast

Question 7

Chloroplast’s highly folded inner membrane system

Answer 7

Thylakoid Membrane

Question 8

Cytosol-like fluid between the thylakoid membrane and the other two outer membranes of a chloroplast

Answer 8

Stroma

Question 9

Tiny, closable pores on surface that allow for gas exchange (CO2 enters plant and O2 leaves plant)

Answer 9

Stomata

Question 10

Difference between the crests of two successive waves (Measured in nm = one billionth of a meter)

Answer 10

Wavelength

Question 11

An organic molecule that can absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Answer 11

Pigment

Question 12

Main photosynthetic pigment in plants

Answer 12

Chlorophyll a

Question 13

A large complex of pigments, proteins, and cofactors

Answer 13

Photosystem

Question 14

Enzyme that catalyzed formation of ATP

Answer 14

ATP Synthase

Question 15

Process by which electron flow through electron transfer chains sets up a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation

Answer 15

Electron Transfer phosphorylation

Question 16

Process by which carbon from an inorganic source such as CO2 gets incorporated into an organic molecule

Answer 16

Carbon fixation

Question 17

• Photosynthetic species use (blanks) to harvest light energy for photosynthesis, most
• photosynthesizers use a combination of pigments to expand range of wavelengths they an use for photosynthesis
• different species use different combinations of pigments, depending on their environment and wavelengths there

Answer 17

Photosynthetic pigments, wavelengths, and environment

Question 18

Light-Dependent Reaction and maint traits, what happens?

Answer 18

Light energy is required, occurs on thylakoid membrane in chloroplast, water and sunlight energy are used, O2 and coenzymes ATP and NADPH are produced, photo systems and electron transfer chains catalyze these reactions

Question 19

Light-Independent reaction and main traits, what happens?

Answer 19

Don’t directly require light, occurs in the chloroplast stroma, ATP and NADPH, CO2, and water are used, backbone of sugar molecules produced, enzymes catalyze the reactions

Question 20

Electron transfer phosphorylation — general process, coenzyme involved, and where it happens

Answer 20

It happens in the mitochondria of of eukaryotic cells, key coenzyme involved is NADH, is a process where electrons are transferred along a series of protein complexes within the inner mitchochondrial membrane

Question 21

Connection of light dependent and light independent reactions

Answer 21

Light dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy producing ATP and NADPH. Light independent reactions use that ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to reduce carbon dioxide and convert the energy to the chemical bond energy in carbs such as glucose

Question 22

Stomata influence on water loss and gas exchange / photosynthesis

Answer 22

When plants have ample water
- water diffuses into guard cells, making them swell and stomata open
- gas exchange happens and water escapes from stomata
When plants get dehydrated
- water leaves guard cells, making them shrink and stomata close
- gas exchange stops and water does not escape from stomata