Chapter 5 Flashcards
Harnessed sunlight energy to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis
Produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemical energy in their environment
Autotroph
Rely on other organisms for survival
Heterotroph
Convert light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen, occur at the thylakoid membrane
Light-dependent reactions
ATP and NADPH (energy from light dependent reactions) drive synthesis of sugar backbone from CO2 and water, occurs in the stroma
Light-independent reactions
Organelle of photosynthesis in plants and some protists
Chloroplast
Chloroplast’s highly folded inner membrane system
Thylakoid Membrane
Cytosol-like fluid between the thylakoid membrane and the other two outer membranes of a chloroplast
Stroma
Tiny, closable pores on surface that allow for gas exchange (CO2 enters plant and O2 leaves plant)
Stomata
Difference between the crests of two successive waves (Measured in nm = one billionth of a meter)
Wavelength
An organic molecule that can absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Pigment
Main photosynthetic pigment in plants
Chlorophyll a
A large complex of pigments, proteins, and cofactors
Photosystem
Enzyme that catalyzed formation of ATP
ATP Synthase
Process by which electron flow through electron transfer chains sets up a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation
Electron Transfer phosphorylation
Process by which carbon from an inorganic source such as CO2 gets incorporated into an organic molecule
Carbon fixation
- Photosynthetic species use (blanks) to harvest light energy for photosynthesis, most
- photosynthesizers use a combination of pigments to expand range of wavelengths they an use for photosynthesis
- different species use different combinations of pigments, depending on their environment and wavelengths there
Photosynthetic pigments, wavelengths, and environment
Light-Dependent Reaction and maint traits, what happens?
Light energy is required, occurs on thylakoid membrane in chloroplast, water and sunlight energy are used, O2 and coenzymes ATP and NADPH are produced, photo systems and electron transfer chains catalyze these reactions
Light-Independent reaction and main traits, what happens?
Don’t directly require light, occurs in the chloroplast stroma, ATP and NADPH, CO2, and water are used, backbone of sugar molecules produced, enzymes catalyze the reactions
Electron transfer phosphorylation — general process, coenzyme involved, and where it happens
It happens in the mitochondria of of eukaryotic cells, key coenzyme involved is NADH, is a process where electrons are transferred along a series of protein complexes within the inner mitchochondrial membrane
Connection of light dependent and light independent reactions
Light dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy producing ATP and NADPH. Light independent reactions use that ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to reduce carbon dioxide and convert the energy to the chemical bond energy in carbs such as glucose
Stomata influence on water loss and gas exchange / photosynthesis
When plants have ample water
- water diffuses into guard cells, making them swell and stomata open
- gas exchange happens and water escapes from stomata
When plants get dehydrated
- water leaves guard cells, making them shrink and stomata close
- gas exchange stops and water does not escape from stomata
