Chapter 7 Flashcards
Antecedents
Events or stimuli that precede a behavior, often influencing its occurrence.
Applied Behavioral Analysis
A therapeutic approach that uses principles of learning to modify behaviors, often used in interventions for individuals with autism.
Behavioral Learning Theories
Psychological theories that focus on observable behaviors and the impact of the environment on learning.
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response through repeated pairing.
Conditioned Response (CR)
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus, acquired through conditioning.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
Consequences
Outcomes that follow a behavior, influencing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Contiguity
The closeness in time and space between two events, such as a stimulus and a response.
Contingency Contract
An agreement specifying the relationship between behavior and its consequences.
Continuous reinforcement schedule
Reinforcement provided every time a specific behavior occurs.
Cueing
Providing prompts or signals to guide a desired behavior.
Effective instruction delivery (EID)
A teaching approach that maximizes student engagement and understanding.
Inactive learning
Passive learning without active participation or engagement.
Extinction
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided.
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)
A process to identify the function or purpose of a behavior to inform intervention strategies.
Good behavior game
A classroom management technique promoting positive behavior through a reward system.
Group consequences
Outcomes applied to a group based on the collective behavior of its members.
Intermittent reinforcement schedule
Reinforcement provided occasionally, rather than every time a behavior occurs.
Interval schedule
A reinforcement schedule based on the passage of time.
Learning
The process of acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, or skills.
Negative reinforcement
Strengthening a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
Neutral stimulus
A stimulus that does not elicit a specific response until it becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Observational learning
Learning by observing and imitating others.
Operant conditioning
Learning through the consequences of voluntary behavior.
Operants
Voluntary behaviors that operate on the environment.
Positive behavioral supports
Strategies that promote positive behaviors and reduce challenging ones.
Positive practice
Repeated performance of a correct behavior to replace an undesirable one.
Positive reinforcement
Strengthening a behavior by presenting a desired stimulus.
Precorrrection
Anticipatory strategies to prevent inappropriate behavior.
Premack Principle
Using a preferred activity as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity.
Presentation Punishment
Decreasing a behavior by presenting an aversive stimulus.
Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
Ratio Schedule
A reinforcement schedule based on the number of responses.
Reinforcement
Anything that strengthens a behavior, increasing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Reinforcer
Any stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring.
Removal punishment
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Reprimands
Verbal expressions of disapproval or criticism.
Respondents
Behaviors that are automatic responses to specific stimuli.
Response
Any observable behavior.
Response cost
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Self-management
Individuals regulating their own behavior through monitoring and reinforcement.
Self-reinforcement
Providing reinforcement to oneself for achieving a desired behavior.
Shaping
Gradually molding and reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior.
Social Isolation
A form of punishment involving the temporary removal of social interaction.
Social Learning theory
A theory emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning.
Stimulus
Any object or event that elicits a response.
Stimulus Control
The influence of antecedent stimuli on behavior.
Successive approximations
Small steps toward a desired behavior that are reinforced during the shaping process.
Task analysis
Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, manageable steps.
Time out
A form of punishment involving the removal of access to reinforcement for a specified duration.
Token reinforcement system
A system using tokens as reinforcers, which can be exchanged for desired items or privileges.
Unconditioned response (UR)
An automatic and unlearned response to a stimulus.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Events or stimuli that precede a behavior, often influencing its occurrence.
Antecedents
A therapeutic approach that uses principles of learning to modify behaviors, often used in interventions for individuals with autism.
Applied Behavioral Analysis
Psychological theories that focus on observable behaviors and the impact of the environment on learning.
Behavioral Learning Theories
A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response through repeated pairing.
Classical Conditioning
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus, acquired through conditioning.
Conditioned Response (CR)
A neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Outcomes that follow a behavior, influencing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Consequences
The closeness in time and space between two events, such as a stimulus and a response.
Contiguity
An agreement specifying the relationship between behavior and its consequences.
Contingency Contract
Reinforcement provided every time a specific behavior occurs.
Continuous reinforcement schedule
Providing prompts or signals to guide a desired behavior.
Cueing
A teaching approach that maximizes student engagement and understanding.
Effective instruction delivery (EID)
Passive learning without active participation or engagement.
Inactive learning
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided.
Extinction
A process to identify the function or purpose of a behavior to inform intervention strategies.
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)
A classroom management technique promoting positive behavior through a reward system.
Good behavior game
Outcomes applied to a group based on the collective behavior of its members.
Group consequences
Reinforcement provided occasionally, rather than every time a behavior occurs.
Intermittent reinforcement schedule
A reinforcement schedule based on the passage of time.
Interval schedule
The process of acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, or skills.
Learning
Strengthening a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
Negative reinforcement
A stimulus that does not elicit a specific response until it becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Neutral stimulus
Learning by observing and imitating others.
Observational learning
Learning through the consequences of voluntary behavior.
Operant conditioning
Voluntary behaviors that operate on the environment.
Operants
Strategies that promote positive behaviors and reduce challenging ones.
Positive behavioral supports
Repeated performance of a correct behavior to replace an undesirable one.
Positive practice
Strengthening a behavior by presenting a desired stimulus.
Positive reinforcement
Anticipatory strategies to prevent inappropriate behavior.
Precorrrection
Using a preferred activity as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity.
Premack Principle
Decreasing a behavior by presenting an aversive stimulus.
Presentation Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
Punishment
A reinforcement schedule based on the number of responses.
Ratio Schedule
Anything that strengthens a behavior, increasing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Reinforcement
Any stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring.
Reinforcer
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Removal punishment
Verbal expressions of disapproval or criticism.
Reprimands
Behaviors that are automatic responses to specific stimuli.
Respondents
Any observable behavior.
Response
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Response cost
Individuals regulating their own behavior through monitoring and reinforcement.
Self-management
Providing reinforcement to oneself for achieving a desired behavior.
Self-reinforcement
Gradually molding and reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior.
Shaping
A form of punishment involving the temporary removal of social interaction.
Social Isolation
A theory emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning.
Social Learning theory
Any object or event that elicits a response.
Stimulus
The influence of antecedent stimuli on behavior.
Stimulus Control
Small steps toward a desired behavior that are reinforced during the shaping process.
Successive approximations
Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, manageable steps.
Task analysis
A form of punishment involving the removal of access to reinforcement for a specified duration.
Time out
A system using tokens as reinforcers, which can be exchanged for desired items or privileges.
Token reinforcement system
An automatic and unlearned response to a stimulus.
Unconditioned response (UR)
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
