Chapter 7 Flashcards
Antecedents
Events or stimuli that precede a behavior, often influencing its occurrence.
Applied Behavioral Analysis
A therapeutic approach that uses principles of learning to modify behaviors, often used in interventions for individuals with autism.
Behavioral Learning Theories
Psychological theories that focus on observable behaviors and the impact of the environment on learning.
Classical Conditioning
A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response through repeated pairing.
Conditioned Response (CR)
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus, acquired through conditioning.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
Consequences
Outcomes that follow a behavior, influencing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Contiguity
The closeness in time and space between two events, such as a stimulus and a response.
Contingency Contract
An agreement specifying the relationship between behavior and its consequences.
Continuous reinforcement schedule
Reinforcement provided every time a specific behavior occurs.
Cueing
Providing prompts or signals to guide a desired behavior.
Effective instruction delivery (EID)
A teaching approach that maximizes student engagement and understanding.
Inactive learning
Passive learning without active participation or engagement.
Extinction
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided.
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)
A process to identify the function or purpose of a behavior to inform intervention strategies.
Good behavior game
A classroom management technique promoting positive behavior through a reward system.
Group consequences
Outcomes applied to a group based on the collective behavior of its members.
Intermittent reinforcement schedule
Reinforcement provided occasionally, rather than every time a behavior occurs.
Interval schedule
A reinforcement schedule based on the passage of time.
Learning
The process of acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, or skills.
Negative reinforcement
Strengthening a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
Neutral stimulus
A stimulus that does not elicit a specific response until it becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Observational learning
Learning by observing and imitating others.
Operant conditioning
Learning through the consequences of voluntary behavior.
Operants
Voluntary behaviors that operate on the environment.
Positive behavioral supports
Strategies that promote positive behaviors and reduce challenging ones.
Positive practice
Repeated performance of a correct behavior to replace an undesirable one.
Positive reinforcement
Strengthening a behavior by presenting a desired stimulus.
Precorrrection
Anticipatory strategies to prevent inappropriate behavior.
Premack Principle
Using a preferred activity as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity.
Presentation Punishment
Decreasing a behavior by presenting an aversive stimulus.
Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
Ratio Schedule
A reinforcement schedule based on the number of responses.
Reinforcement
Anything that strengthens a behavior, increasing the likelihood of its recurrence.
Reinforcer
Any stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring.
Removal punishment
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Reprimands
Verbal expressions of disapproval or criticism.
Respondents
Behaviors that are automatic responses to specific stimuli.
Response
Any observable behavior.
Response cost
Decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus.
Self-management
Individuals regulating their own behavior through monitoring and reinforcement.
Self-reinforcement
Providing reinforcement to oneself for achieving a desired behavior.
