Chapter 5 Flashcards
Academic Language
The language used in educational settings, often more formal and complex than everyday language, crucial for success in school.
Balanced Bilingualism
Proficiency in and the ability to use two languages equally, often in both social and academic contexts.
Bilingual
Able to speak and understand two languages fluently.
Code switching
The practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a conversation or discourse.
Critical Periods
Specific time frames during which language acquisition or certain skills are most easily developed.
Cultural deficit model
An outdated perspective suggesting that students from certain cultural backgrounds may have inherent deficits, overlooking their unique strengths.
Dialect
A particular form of a language that is specific to a region, social group, or community, differing in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.
Emergent Literacy
The early development of skills and knowledge that set the foundation for later literacy, including reading and writing.
English as a second language (ESL)
Instruction focused on teaching English to individuals whose first language is not English.
English Language Learners (ELLs)
Students who are in the process of learning English as an additional language.
Expressive Vocabulary
The words an individual can use when speaking or writing.
Funds of knowledge
The cultural, social, and intellectual assets that individuals and communities possess, often used as a basis for learning.
Genderlects
Language variations based on gender differences in communication styles.
Generation
A group of individuals born and living during the same period of time, often sharing common experiences and cultural influences.
Heritage language
The language spoken by one’s ancestors or within one’s cultural community.
Immigrants
Individuals who have moved from one country to another, often for permanent residence.
Inside-out skills
Skills that involve understanding and producing language, such as speaking and writing.
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
Term used to describe individuals with limited proficiency in the English language.
Melting pot
A metaphor for a society where different cultural groups blend together, losing their distinctiveness.
Metalinguaistic awareness
The ability to think and reflect on language, including understanding its structure and use.
Monolingual
Speaking or understanding only one language.
Outside-in skills
Skills that involve receiving and understanding language, such as listening and reading.
Overregularize
A language error where irregular forms are incorrectly regularized, often seen in language development.
Pragmatics
The study of language use in context, including the social aspects of communication.
Receptive Vocabulary
The words an individual can understand when reading or listening.
Refugees
Individuals forced to leave their home country due to persecution, war, or natural disasters.
Semilingual
A person who does not fully acquire proficiency in any language due to limited exposure or opportunities.
Sensitive periods
Specific developmental periods during which an individual is especially receptive to learning certain skills or acquiring knowledge.
Sheltered instruction
Teaching methods that make academic content more accessible to English language learners while promoting language development.
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)
A model for planning and delivering effective instruction for English language learners.
Structured English Immersion (SEI)
An instructional approach that emphasizes English language development while providing content instruction.
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
