chapter 6 vocab Flashcards
male reproductive system
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A potentially life-threatening disease that is caused by infection with HIV commonly transmitted in infected blood especially during illicit intravenous drug use and in bodily secretions during sexual intercourse.
androgen
hormones that stimulate or control the development of male characteristics; includes testosterone
antiretroviral therapy
Treatment using medications that inhibit the replication of retroviruses, such as HIV, improving the health and prolonging the life of people infected.
anorchism
The absence of one or both testes
aspermia
The complete absence of semen, a rare condition affecting male fertility
azoospermia
The absence of sperm in semen, often linked to infertility
balanitis
Inflammation of the glans penis, often due to infection or irritation
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
Glands that produce a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidity due to urine
chemotherapy
The use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, typically by stopping their ability to grow and divide
chlamydia
A common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis
circumcision
The surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis
coitus
The sexual union of a male and female involving insertion of the penis into the vagina
condom
A contraceptive device worn over the penis during sexual activity to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of STIs
cryptochidism
A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the
scrotum before birth
digital rectal exam
A manual examination of the prostate gland through the rectum to check for abnormalities.
ejaculation
The discharge of semen from the male reproductive system
epididymis
A long, coiled tube attached to the back of the testis that stores and carries sperm
erectile dysfunction
The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.
foreskin
The retractable fold of skin covering the end of the penis
genital herpes
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus, characterized by painful blisters in the genital area
glans penis
The bulbous tip of the penis
gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
A virus causing contagious sores, most often around the mouth or on the genitals.
hormone therapy
Treatment to alter hormone levels to slow or stop cancer cell
growth
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A virus that attacks
the T-helper cells of the immune system
human papillomavirus (HPV)
A group of viruses that can cause warts on the skin or mucous membranes and are associated with some types of cancer
hydrocele
A fluid-filled sac around a testicle, often causing swelling in the scrotum
hydrocelectomy
Surgical removal of a hydrocele, a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum, to relieve swelling
immunotherapy
Treatment that uses certain parts of a person’s immune system to fight diseases such as cancer
inguinal hernia
A condition where part of the intestine protrudes through the
inguinal canal into the scrotum
inguinal orchiectomy
Surgical removal of a testicle through an incision in the groin area
libido
Sexual desire or drive
nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT)
A laboratory test that increases the amount of DNA or RNA in a sample to detect the presence of specific organisms, such as bacteria or viruses
open radical prostatectomy
A surgical technique involving an incision to remove the prostate gland
orchiectomy
Surgical removal of one or both testicles, often done for cancer
treatment or hormone therapy
orgasm
The climax of sexual stimulation
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
A complication of STIs, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, affecting female reproductive organs
pelvic lymphadenectomy
Surgical removal of lymph nodes in the
pelvis to check for cancer spread
penis
The male organ used for urination and sexual intercourse
phimosis
A condition where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis, sometimes requiring circumcision for treatment
prepuce
Another term for foreskin, the skin covering the glans of the penis
priapism
A prolonged and often painful erection of the penis not associated with sexual desire
prostate
A gland in the male reproductive system that produces some of the fluid in semen
prostate cancer
A form of cancer that develops in the prostate gland
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
A protein produced by the prostate gland; elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer
prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause urinary problems and discomfort
PSMA PET scan
An imaging test using a radioactive substance to detect prostate cancer cells by targeting PSMA protein
puberty
The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of
reproduction
radiation therapy
Treatment using high- energy waves like X-rays to destroy cancer cells
radical laparoscopic prostatectomy
Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera to remove the prostate
radical prostatectomy
Surgery to remove the entire prostate gland
and some surrounding tissue
radiopharmaceutical therapy
Treatment using radioactive drugs to target and kill cancer cells
robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
A robotic surgery method for prostate removal using
laparoscopic techniques
scrotum
A pouch of skin containing the testicles and part of the spermatic cord
semen
The fluid that is ejaculated during orgasm, containing sperm and secretions from the male reproductive glands
semen analysis
A test to evaluate the characteristics of a male’s semen and the
sperm contained therein, often used to assess fertility
seminal vesicle biosy
A procedure to remove fluid from seminal
vesicles for cancer cell examination
seminal vesicles
Glandular pouches that secrete semen into the ejaculatory duct
seminiferous tubules
Narrow, coiled tubules inside the testes where sperm are produced
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
Diseases that are primarily transmitted through sexual activity
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
Infections typically spread through sexual contact
sperm
Male reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction
spermatic cord
A bundle of nerves, ducts, and blood vessels connecting the
testicles to the abdominal cavity
spermatocele
A fluid-filled cyst in the epididymis, often painless and found near the testicles
spermatogenesis
The process of sperm cell development
sterilization
A permanent method of contraception that prevents pregnancy in
women and the release of sperm in men
syphilis
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, characterized by various stages including sores, rashes, and potentially serious systemic effects if untreated
targeted therapy
Cancer treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes and proteins involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells
testes
The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone
testicular cancer
Cancer that originates in the testicles, typically diagnosed in younger men
testicular torsion
A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle
testosterone
A primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics
torsion
The twisting of the spermatic cord, which can cut off blood supply to the testicle
transrectal biopsy
Tissue sample removal from the prostate via the rectum
for cancer testing
transrectal MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate gland through the rectum
transrectal MRI guided biopsy
A procedure that uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide the removal of tissue samples from the prostate through the rectum
transrectal ultrasound
A diagnostic procedure using ultrasound inserted through the rectum to visualize the prostate
transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy
A procedure in which a probe inserted into the rectum uses ultrasound to guide the removal of tissue samples from the prostate for analysis
transurethral
Pertaining to going through or across the urethra
transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)
A surgical procedure to make incisions in the prostate gland to treat urinary problems due to BPH
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
A treatment for BPH using microwave energy to reduce prostate size
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
A surgical procedure to remove part of the prostate gland to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate
trichomoniasis
A common sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan
parasite, often resulting in vaginal or urethral discharge
urologist
A physician who specializes in the treatment of disorders of the urinary system and male reproductive system
urology
Study of the male and female urinary tract systems and the male reproductive system
varicocele
An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, often associated with infertility
vas deferens
The duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra
vasectomy
A surgical procedure for male sterilization involving the cutting and sealing of part of each vas deferens
