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medical terminology > ch 9 vocab > Flashcards

ch 9 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

A term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart, including myocardial infarction.

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2
Q

aneurysm

A

A dilation or bulging of a blood vessel caused by weakened vessel walls, potentially leading to rupture

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3
Q

angina

A

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often associated with coronary artery disease

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4
Q

angioplasty

A

A procedure to restore blood flow through the artery by inserting and inflating a tiny balloon; it may also involve placing a stent to keep the artery open

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5
Q

aortic insufficiency

A

A condition where the aortic valve does not close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward into the heart

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6
Q

apex

A

The inferior tip of the heart, located just to the left of the sternum between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs

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7
Q

arrhythmia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm resulting from variations in the normal sequence of electrical impulses

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8
Q

arterioles

A

Small branches of an artery leading into capillaries

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9
Q

artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, branching into smaller vessels called arterioles

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10
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of cholesterol and other fats, known as plaque, within the lining of the arteries

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation (A Fib)

A

A common type of arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart

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12
Q

atrial septal defect

A

A congenital heart defect characterized by an opening in the septum between the left and right atria

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13
Q

auscultation

A

The process of listening to the internal sounds of the body, typically with a stethoscope, used in diagnosing conditions of the heart and lungs

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14
Q

automated external defibrillator (AED)

A

A portable device used in emergencies to treat sudden cardiac arrest by administering an electric shock

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15
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

The force of blood against the walls of arteries, typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

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16
Q

bradycardia

A

A heart rate that is slower than normal, less than 60 bpm in adults, which can be normal or indicative of an underlying condition

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17
Q

bruit

A

An abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery, often due to atherosclerosis or narrowing

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18
Q

capillary

A

A microscopic channel that supplies blood to the tissue cells and connects arterioles with venules

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19
Q

cardiac ablation

A

A procedure used to destroy problematic heart tissue that causes irregular heartbeats

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20
Q

cardiac arrest

A

A sudden cessation of heart function, often due to arrhythmias

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21
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

A diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is inserted into a large blood vessel that leads to the heart

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22
Q

cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

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23
Q

cardiac stress test

A

A test that measures the heart’s ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment

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24
Q

cardiologist

A

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases and conditions

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25
cardiology
The study of the heart and its functions in health and disease
26
cardiomyopathy
A group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, leading to impaired cardiac function
27
cerebrovascular disease (CVD)
A group of conditions affecting the blood vessels and blood supply to the brain, including stroke
28
coarctation
A congenital condition characterized by the narrowing of the aorta, leading to reduced blood flow
29
congenital
A conditions present at birth, which can include a variety of heart disorders
30
coronary angiogram
A procedure that uses X-ray imaging to see the heart’s blood vessels
31
coronary artery bypass
A type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart
32
coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)
A surgical procedure used in coronary artery disease where blood flow is rerouted around a blocked artery
33
coronary artery disease (CAD)
A condition where plaque buildup occurs in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
34
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs, which can be life-threatening if it dislodges and travels to the lungs
35
defibrillator
A device used to deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm
36
diaphoresis
Excessive sweating, commonly associated with some cardiovascular events like a myocardial infarction
37
diastole
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood
38
echocardiogram
A sonographic imaging test that uses sound waves to produce images of the heart
39
edema
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues, often occurring in the legs and ankles
40
electrocardiogram
A test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat to show abnormalities in the heart rhythm and structure
41
endovenous laser ablation
A minimally invasive procedure used to treat varicose veins using laser energy
42
heart block
A condition where the electrical signals in the heart are partially or completely blocked
43
heart failure (HF)
A condition where the heart can’t pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and edema
44
heart rate (HR)
The number of heartbeats per minute, with normal resting HR for an adult being 60–100 bpm
45
heart transplant
A surgical procedure to replace a diseased and nonfunctioning heart with a healthy heart from a donor
46
holter monitor
A portable device worn to continuously monitor the heart’s rhythms and electrical activity
47
hypertension (HTN)
Elevated blood pressure, typically defined as greater than 120/80 mm Hg in adults
48
hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
49
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
A device implanted in the chest to monitor heart rhythms and provide appropriate electrical therapy to correct arrhythmias
50
inferior vena cava
A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart
51
intravenous (IV)
Pertaining to within a vein, often referring to the administration of medications or fluids
52
ischemia
A condition where blood flow and oxygen are restricted or reduced in a part of the body, often due to narrowed or blocked arteries
53
murmur
A sound heard during heartbeat that may be a normal or an abnormal finding, often caused by turbulent blood flow
54
myocardial infraction (MI)
Commonly known as a heart attack, caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart tissue resulting in death of cardiac muscle cells
55
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
The regular, natural rhythm of the heart, characterized by coordinated electrical activity
56
occlude
To block or close a blood vessel or passage
57
palpitations
A sensation where an individual feels that their heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipping a beat
58
patent ductus arteriosus
A congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing blood to flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery
59
patent foramen ovale
A congenital heart defect where a hole in the septum between the heart’s atria does not close at birth
60
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
A procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle
61
perfusion
The passage of blood through the blood vessels to supply organs and tissues
62
pericardiocentesis
A procedure to remove fluid from the sac surrounding the heart
63
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
A condition characterized by narrowed arteries in the peripheral parts of the body, often leading to pain and muscle cramps
64
phlebectomy
A surgical procedure to remove varicose veins
65
pulse (PULS)
The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction; can be felt over arteries close to the body’s surface
66
regurgitation
The backward flow of blood through a heart valve, indicating that the valve isn’t closing properly
67
sclerotherapy
A procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins by injecting a solution directly into the vein
68
single-photon emission computerized tomography scan (SPECT)
A type of nuclear medicine scan that provides detailed images of internal organs, including the heart
69
sphygmomanometer
An instrument used to measure blood pressure, commonly referred to as a blood pressure cuff
70
stenosis
The abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body, such as a blood vessel or a heart valve
71
stethoscope
An instrument used to listen to heart and lung sounds, referred to as auscultation
72
superior vena cava
A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart
73
syncope
A temporary loss of consciousness or fainting, often related to insufficient blood flow to the brain
74
systole
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject blood
75
tachycardia
A condition where the heart rate is faster than normal, over 100 bpm in adults
76
tetralogy of Fallot
77
thrombolysis
A treatment to dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, and prevent damage to tissues and organs
78
transesophageal echocardiogram
An imaging test that uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the heart via the esophagus
79
valve replacement
A surgical procedure to replace one or more of the heart’s valves with either an artificial or a biological valve
80
valvular heart disease
A condition in which one or more of the heart’s valves do not function properly, affecting blood flow within the heart
81
valvuloplasty
A procedure to repair a narrowed heart valve
82
varicose veins
Enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins, often appearing blue or dark purple as a result of faulty valves in the veins
83
veins
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart, including the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
84
ventricular fibrillation (V Fib)
A life- threatening heart rhythm where the ventricles quiver, instead of contracting, resulting in no cardiac output

medical terminology (27 decks)

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