Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
What is a word root?
core of the word
What is a suffix?
attached to the end of a word root to alter its meaning
what is a prefix?
attached to the beginning of the word root to alter its meaning
what is a combining vowel?
typically an “o” used to assist pronunciation
what is a combining form?
word root with a combining vowl
what do prefixes often indicate (5)?
-number
-position
-direction
-time
-negation
what do suffixes often indicate (3)?
-procedures
-conditions
-diseases
what are the guidelines for using combining vowels (4)?
- when connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel IS USED if the suffix does not begin with a vowel
- when connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel is NOT USED if the suffix egins with a vowel
- when connecting two word roots, a combining vowel IS USED even if vowels are present at the junction
- when connecting a prefix and a word root, a combining vowel is NOT USED
What is an eponym?
named after a person, place, or thing
what is an acronym?
first letter of all words
what is modern language?
words derived from the english language
what does a macron indicate in pronunciation?
it has a long vowel sound (a in play)
what does a u-shaped mark indicate in pronunciation?
it has a short vowel sound (a in mad)
what is the plural form of words ending in -a?
-ae
what is the plural form of words ending in -ax?
-aces
what is the plural form of words ending in -ex?
-ices
what is the plural form of words ending in -is?
-es
what is the plural form of words ending in -ix?
-ices
what is the plural form of words ending in -ma?
-mata
what is the plural form of words ending in -nx?
-nges
what is the plural form of words ending in -on?
-a
what is the plural form of words ending in -sis?
-ses
what is the plural form of words ending in -us?
-i
what is the plural form of words ending in -um?
-a
what is the singular form of words ending in -ae?
-a
what is the singular form of words ending in -aces?
-ax
what is/are the singular form(s) of words ending in -ices?
-ex, -ix
what is the singular form of words ending in -es?
-is
what is the singular form of words ending in -mata?
-ma
what is the singular form of words ending in -nges?
-nx
what is/are the singular form(s) of words ending in -a?
-on, -um
what is the singular form of words ending in -ses?
-sis
what is the singular form of words ending in -i?
-us
what are the levels of structural organization in the body (7)?
-atom
-molecule
-cell
-tissue
-organ
-organ system
-organism
what is the integumentary system?
encloses the internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors
what is the cephalon (cephalic) region?
head region
what is the cervicis (cervical) region?
neck region
what is the trunk region?
main body (not including limbs)
what are the upper and lower limbs?
arms and legs
what is the pes (pedal) region
feet
what does prone/supine mean?
laying down
what does anterior (ventral) mean?
direction towards the front of the body
what does posterior (dorsal) mean?
back; direction towards the back of the body
what does superior (cranial) mean?
higher than/ above another part of the body
what does inferior (caudal) mean?
position below/lower than another part of the body
what does lateral mean?
direction toward the sides of the body
what does medial mean?
direction toward the middle of the body
what does proximal mean?
position in the limb closest to the pont of attachment/ trunk of the body
what does distal mean?
position of the limb furthest away from the body/attachment point
what does superficial mean?
position closer to the surface of the body
what does deep mean?
position farther from the surface of the body
what is the sagittal plane?
divides the body into right and left halves
what does midsagittal mean?
body is split directly in half
what does parasagittal mean?
uneven division of the body
what is the frontal (coronal) plane?
divides the body into the anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
what is the transverse plane?
horizontal division of the upper from the lower half of the body
what is the dorsal (posterior) cavity?
head and spinal column
what is the cranial cavity?
houses the bain, bone of the skull, and cerebrospinal fluid
what is the spinal (vertebral) cavity?
spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and vertebral column (bones of the vertebrae)
what is in the ventral (anterior) cavity?
-thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
what is the thoracic cavity?
lungs, heart, and the superior mediastinum; diaphragm is the floor of the cavity
what is the abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal and pelvic cavity and the reproductive organs
where is the right hypochondriac?
top left of the model
where is the right lumbar?
left middle of the model
where is the right iliac?
bottom left of the model
where is the epigastric region?
center top of the model
where is the umbilical region?
center of the model
where is the hypogastric region?
bottom center of the model
where is the left hypochondriac?
top right of the model
where is the left lumbar?
center right of the model
where is the left iliac?
bottom right of the model
what are connective tissue membranes?
encapsulate organs
what are synovial membranes?
line the cavities for moveable joints
what are epithelial membranes?
formed from epithelium that are connected to connective tissue
what are mucous (mucosa) membranes?
line the cavities/passageways to external environments
what is the cutaneous membrane?
skin
what is serous (serosa) membrane?
epithelium is called mesothelium and are supported by connective tissue; have 3 layers
what are the three layers of the serous membrane?
- parietal
- visceral
- serous space
what does the parietal membrane layer do?
lines the walls of the body cavity
what does the visceral membrane layer do?
covers the organ
what is the pleura?
surrounds your lungs in the pleural cavity
what is the pericardium?
surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity
what is peritoneum?
surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity in the peritoneal cavity
