chapter 3 vocab Flashcards

integumentary system

1
Q

what is an abrasion?

A

a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin by scraping or wearing away

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2
Q

what is an abscess?

A

a swollen area within body tissue containing an accumulation of pus

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3
Q

what is acne?

A

a common skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples on the face, chest, and back due to inflammation or infection of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

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4
Q

what does adipose mean?

A

pertaining to fat or fatty tissue

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5
Q

what is albinism?

A

a group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production causing individuals to appear white or very pale

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6
Q

what is alopecia?

A

a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, typically the scalp

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7
Q

what is anhidrosis?

A

inability to sweat normally, which can lead to overheating

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8
Q

what are apocrine sweat glands?

A

sweat glands that produce a more viscous sweat; found in the armpit and genital areas

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9
Q

what is bacteria?

A

members of a large group of microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease

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10
Q

what is basal cell carcinoma?

A

a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells of the skin and is usually caused by long-term exposure to UV radiation from sunlight; most common of all skin cancers

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11
Q

what does benign mean?

A

a term used to describe tumors or growths that are not cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body

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12
Q

what is a biopsy?

A

the removal of tissue from the body for examination, usually to diagnose a disease

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13
Q

what is a birthmark?

A

a benign irregularity on the skin present at birth or appearing shortly after birth

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14
Q

what is a blister?

A

a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage

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15
Q

what is a boil?

A

a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin often caused by an infected hair follicle

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16
Q

what is a bruise?

A

also referred to as a contusion; an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels

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17
Q

what is a bulla?

A

a large blister

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18
Q

what is a burn?

A

an injury caused by exposure to heat, flame, radiation, electricity, or chemicals

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19
Q

what are calluses

A

thickened and hardened parts of the skin or soft tissue, especially in area that has been subjected to friction

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20
Q

what is cauterization?

A

a medical procedure used to burn tissue to stop bleeding or to remove a lesion

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21
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling

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22
Q

what is community-aquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)?

A

MRSA infection occurring in people in the wider community

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23
Q

what is a contusion

A

a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise

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24
Q

what is a corn?

A

a thickened area of skin with a central core, typically found on the toes

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25
Q

what is a cuticle?

A

a protective thin layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails

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26
Q

what is cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood

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27
Q

what is a cyst?

A

a closed sac in or under the skin that contains fluid, air, or other substances

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28
Q

what is dandruff?

A

the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp

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29
Q

what is debridement?

A

the removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound

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30
Q

what is dehydration?

A

excessive water loss

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31
Q

what is a dermabrasion?

A

a dermatological procedure that uses a rotating instrument to remove the outer layers of skin, typically on the face

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32
Q

what is dermatitis?

A

inflammation of the skin that can cause a rash, including various types such as contact dermatitis and dermatitis caused by dust

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33
Q

what is dermatoconiosis?

A

a type of dermatitis caused by dust contacting the skin

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34
Q

what is dermatofibroma?

A

a common benign skin growth, often a small, firm nodular lesion on the skin

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35
Q

what is dermatoheteroplasty?

A

surgical repair of the skin using skin grafts from a donor

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36
Q

what is a dermatologist?

A

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders and diseases

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37
Q

what is dermis?

A

the middle layer of skin, containing tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands

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38
Q

what is diaphoresis?

A

excessive sweating, commonly associated with shock and other medical emergency conditions

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39
Q

what are ecrinesweat glands?

A

a small sweat gland that produces a watery secretion without removing cytoplasm from the secreting cells; found all over the body but especially abundant on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, and forehead

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40
Q

what is eczema?

A

an allergic inflammatory condition of the skin, manifesting as dry, itchy patches that resemble a red, flaky rash

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41
Q

what is edema?

A

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues, commonly seen in the extremities

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42
Q

what is elastin?

A

a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting

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43
Q

what is the epidermis?

A

the outermost layer of the skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating skin tone

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44
Q

what is erythema?

A

redness of the skin caused by capillary dilation

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45
Q

what is excision?

A

the surgical removal of tissue, typically involving cutting out or off

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46
Q

what is a fascia?

A

a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles, bones, and other internal organs

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47
Q

what is a first-degree burn?

A

a mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues

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48
Q

what is a fourth-dregree burn?

A

a burn which extends into deeper tissues, causing carbonization or charring of the bones, muscles, and tendons underneath

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49
Q

what is frostbite?

A

injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold, typically affecting the nose, fingers, or toes and sometimes resulting in gangrene

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50
Q

what is gangrene?

A

the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a bacterial infection

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51
Q

what is hirsutism?

A

excessive hair growth on the face and body in areas where hair is usually minimal or absent, particularly in women

52
Q

what is hospital-aquired MRSA (HA-MRSA)?

A

MRSA infection occurring in people in hospitals or other health care facilities

53
Q

what is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

A

the most common sexually transmitted infection, causing genital warts and potentially leading to cervical, throat, and other cancers

54
Q

what is hyperhidrosis?

A

abnormally excessive sweating

55
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

also known as subcutaneous tissue; the deeper subcutaneous tissue composed of fat and connective tissue

56
Q

what is impetigo?

A

a contagious bacterial infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, typically in children

57
Q

what is an incision & drainage (I&D)?

A

a minor surgical procedure to cut into a lesion or abscess to allow the escape of fluid

58
Q

what is an infection?

A

the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body

59
Q

what is juandice?

A

a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood

60
Q

what is a keloid?

A

an area of irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar or injury

61
Q

what is keratin?

A

a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, providing strength and protection

62
Q

what is a laceration?

A

a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh

63
Q

what is laser surgery?

A

a surgical technique that uses a laser to cut tissue instead of a scalpel

64
Q

what is a lesion?

A

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease

65
Q

what is leukoplakia?

A

thickened, white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, or cheek

66
Q

what is lipoma?

A

a benign tumor made of fat tissue

67
Q

what is lupus?

A

the common name for systemic lupus erythematosus; an autoimmune disease in which the immune system recognizes its own cell antigens as being “not-self” and mounts an immune response against them

68
Q

what is lymphedema?

A

a type of swelling that occurs when lymph fluid builds up in the body’s soft tissues, often in the arms or legs, typically due to damage to the lymph system

69
Q

what is a macule?

A

a flat, discolored, spot on the skin

70
Q

what are melanocytes?

A

cells located in the epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color

71
Q

what is melanoma?

A

a serious form of skin cancer that arises from the pigment-producing cells in the skin called melanocytes

72
Q

what does metastasize mean?

A

the process by which cancer cells spread from the place where they first formed to another part of the body

73
Q

what is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

A

a strain of staph bacteria that’s resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat staph infections

74
Q

what is Mohs surgery?

A

a precise surgical technique used to treat skin cancer, involving the progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only cancer-free tissue remains

75
Q

what is a mole?

A

a small skin growth that is usually brown or black; formed due to a cluster of pigmented cells

76
Q

what is necrosis?

A

the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply causing the skin to turn black

77
Q

what is nevus?

A

a benign skin legion, commonly known as a mole, that is often pigmented

78
Q

what is a nodule?

A

a small lump or growth on or under the skin, often a sign of an underlying condition or disease

79
Q

what is onycholysis?

A

the painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed

80
Q

what is onychomycosis?

A

fungal infections of the nails

81
Q

what is onychophagia?

A

the habit of biting the nails

82
Q

what is pallor?

A

an unhealthy pale appearance

83
Q

what is papule?

A

a small, raised, solid bump on the skin

84
Q

what are pathogens?

A

microorganisms that cause disease

85
Q

what is pediculosis?

A

an infection with lice, typically affecting the head and resulting in itching and visible nits

86
Q

what is petechiae?

A

small, pinpoint, nonblanching red or purple spot on the skin, often caused by minor hemorrhages or bleeding under the skin

87
Q

what are pressure injuries?

A

damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device due to unrelieved pressure

88
Q

what is pruritus?

A

severe itching; a common symptom in various skin conditions and diseases

89
Q

what is psoriasis?

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that speeds up the growth cycle of skin cells, causing red, itchy, scaly patches on the body, most commonly on the elbows, knees, and scalp

90
Q

what is purpura?

A

larger areas of purple or red discolorations on the skin, often caused by bleeding underneath the skin

91
Q

what is pus?

A

a thick fluid composed of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead tissues, typically associated with infection

92
Q

what is a pustule?

A

a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus

93
Q

what is a rash?

A

an area of redness and small spots on the skin due to allergy or illness

94
Q

what is a rhytidectomy?

A

a cosmetic surgical procedure, commonly known as a facelift, to remove wrinkles and sagging skin

95
Q

what is rickets/?

A

a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bowed legs

96
Q

what is rosacea?

A

a chronic skin disorder characterized by facial redness, small, red, pus-filled bumps, and visible blood vessels, often on the nose and cheeks

97
Q

what is the rule of nines?

A

a method used in calculating body surface area affected by burns

98
Q

what is scabies?

A

an infection caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin, leading to intense itching

99
Q

what is a scar?

A

a mark left on the skin or within the body tissue where a wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely, and fibrous connective tissue has developed

100
Q

what is a sebaceous gland?

A

a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair

101
Q

what is a second-degree burn?

A

a burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn

102
Q

what are shingles?

A

a viral disease that causes painful rashes on the skin, caused by the varicella-zoster virus

103
Q

what is a skin ulcer?

A

an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal

104
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

a common form of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells of the skin; often due to UV exposure and can metastasize if not treated

105
Q

what is staphylococcus?

A

a genus of gram-positive bacteria

106
Q

what is strptococcus?

A

a genus of coccus (spherical) bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group

107
Q

what are striae?

A

comonly referred to as stretch marks; long, narrow streaks, stripes, or lines that develop on the skin, often due to rabid stretching of the skin

108
Q

what is subcutaneous tissue?

A

also known as hypodermis tissue; the deeper tissue composed of fat and connective tissue

109
Q

what is suturing?

A

the act of sewing or stitching up a wound or incision

110
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

part of the autonomic nervous system that serves to accelerate the heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and raise blood pressure

111
Q

what is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that can case inflammation and damage to various body tissues and organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and heart

112
Q

what is telangiectasia?

A

small, visible blood vessels near the surface of the skin; often appearing as red or purple lines

113
Q

what is a third-degree burn?

A

a severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through the depth of the dermis and possible into underlying tissues, loss of fluid, and sometimes shock

114
Q

what is tinea?

A

a group of skin infections caused by a fungus, including conditions like ringworm, athlete’s foot, and jock itch

115
Q

what is tinea capitis?

A

scalp ringworm causing itchy, red patches on the head that can leave bald spots

116
Q

what is tinea corporis?

A

ringworm; a fungal rash on the body that typically looks like a red ring with a clear center

117
Q

what is tinea cruris?

A

jock itch; causes an itchy, burning rash in the groin area

118
Q

what is tinea pedis?

A

athlete’s foot; causing itching, burning, and cracked skin between the toes

119
Q

what is urticaria?

A

raised, itchy rashes on the skin, also known as hives

120
Q

what does vascularized mean?

A

richly supplied with blood vessels

121
Q

what is a verruca?

A

another term for a wart; a benign growth on the skin caused by a virus

122
Q

what is a vesicle?

A

a small, fluid-filled sac or blister within or under the epidermis

123
Q

what is a virus?

A

a microorganism that spreads infection by invading the body’s cells and replicating

124
Q

what is vitiligo?

A

a disease that causes loss of skin color in blotches

125
Q

what is a wheal?

A

an individual hive

126
Q

what is xeroderma?

A

excessively dry skin; often caused by environmental factors or certain skin conditions

127
Q

what are yeast infections?

A

infections commonly caused by the candida fungus, leading to overgrowth and symptoms like itching and dischange