chapter 3 vocab Flashcards
integumentary system
1
Q
what is an abrasion?
A
a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin by scraping or wearing away
2
Q
what is an abscess?
A
a swollen area within body tissue containing an accumulation of pus
3
Q
what is acne?
A
a common skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples on the face, chest, and back due to inflammation or infection of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
4
Q
what does adipose mean?
A
pertaining to fat or fatty tissue
5
Q
what is albinism?
A
a group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production causing individuals to appear white or very pale
6
Q
what is alopecia?
A
a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, typically the scalp
7
Q
what is anhidrosis?
A
inability to sweat normally, which can lead to overheating
8
Q
what are apocrine sweat glands?
A
sweat glands that produce a more viscous sweat; found in the armpit and genital areas
9
Q
what is bacteria?
A
members of a large group of microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease
10
Q
what is basal cell carcinoma?
A
a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells of the skin and is usually caused by long-term exposure to UV radiation from sunlight; most common of all skin cancers
11
Q
what does benign mean?
A
a term used to describe tumors or growths that are not cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body
12
Q
what is a biopsy?
A
the removal of tissue from the body for examination, usually to diagnose a disease
13
Q
what is a birthmark?
A
a benign irregularity on the skin present at birth or appearing shortly after birth
14
Q
what is a blister?
A
a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage
15
Q
what is a boil?
A
a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin often caused by an infected hair follicle
16
Q
what is a bruise?
A
also referred to as a contusion; an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels
17
Q
what is a bulla?
A
a large blister
18
Q
what is a burn?
A
an injury caused by exposure to heat, flame, radiation, electricity, or chemicals
19
Q
what are calluses
A
thickened and hardened parts of the skin or soft tissue, especially in area that has been subjected to friction
20
Q
what is cauterization?
A
a medical procedure used to burn tissue to stop bleeding or to remove a lesion
21
Q
what is cellulitis?
A
a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling
22
Q
what is community-aquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)?
A
MRSA infection occurring in people in the wider community
23
Q
what is a contusion
A
a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise
24
Q
what is a corn?
A
a thickened area of skin with a central core, typically found on the toes
25
what is a cuticle?
a protective thin layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails
26
what is cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood
27
what is a cyst?
a closed sac in or under the skin that contains fluid, air, or other substances
28
what is dandruff?
the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp
29
what is debridement?
the removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound
30
what is dehydration?
excessive water loss
31
what is a dermabrasion?
a dermatological procedure that uses a rotating instrument to remove the outer layers of skin, typically on the face
32
what is dermatitis?
inflammation of the skin that can cause a rash, including various types such as contact dermatitis and dermatitis caused by dust
33
what is dermatoconiosis?
a type of dermatitis caused by dust contacting the skin
34
what is dermatofibroma?
a common benign skin growth, often a small, firm nodular lesion on the skin
35
what is dermatoheteroplasty?
surgical repair of the skin using skin grafts from a donor
36
what is a dermatologist?
a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders and diseases
37
what is dermis?
the middle layer of skin, containing tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands
38
what is diaphoresis?
excessive sweating, commonly associated with shock and other medical emergency conditions
39
what are ecrinesweat glands?
a small sweat gland that produces a watery secretion without removing cytoplasm from the secreting cells; found all over the body but especially abundant on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, and forehead
40
what is eczema?
an allergic inflammatory condition of the skin, manifesting as dry, itchy patches that resemble a red, flaky rash
41
what is edema?
swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, commonly seen in the extremities
42
what is elastin?
a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting
43
what is the epidermis?
the outermost layer of the skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating skin tone
44
what is erythema?
redness of the skin caused by capillary dilation
45
what is excision?
the surgical removal of tissue, typically involving cutting out or off
46
what is a fascia?
a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles, bones, and other internal organs
47
what is a first-degree burn?
a mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues
48
what is a fourth-dregree burn?
a burn which extends into deeper tissues, causing carbonization or charring of the bones, muscles, and tendons underneath
49
what is frostbite?
injury to body tissues caused by exposure to extreme cold, typically affecting the nose, fingers, or toes and sometimes resulting in gangrene
50
what is gangrene?
the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a bacterial infection
51
what is hirsutism?
excessive hair growth on the face and body in areas where hair is usually minimal or absent, particularly in women
52
what is hospital-aquired MRSA (HA-MRSA)?
MRSA infection occurring in people in hospitals or other health care facilities
53
what is human papillomavirus (HPV)?
the most common sexually transmitted infection, causing genital warts and potentially leading to cervical, throat, and other cancers
54
what is hyperhidrosis?
abnormally excessive sweating
55
what is the hypodermis?
also known as subcutaneous tissue; the deeper subcutaneous tissue composed of fat and connective tissue
56
what is impetigo?
a contagious bacterial infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, typically in children
57
what is an incision & drainage (I&D)?
a minor surgical procedure to cut into a lesion or abscess to allow the escape of fluid
58
what is an infection?
the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body
59
what is juandice?
a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood
60
what is a keloid?
an area of irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar or injury
61
what is keratin?
a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, providing strength and protection
62
what is a laceration?
a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh
63
what is laser surgery?
a surgical technique that uses a laser to cut tissue instead of a scalpel
64
what is a lesion?
a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease
65
what is leukoplakia?
thickened, white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, or cheek
66
what is lipoma?
a benign tumor made of fat tissue
67
what is lupus?
the common name for systemic lupus erythematosus; an autoimmune disease in which the immune system recognizes its own cell antigens as being "not-self" and mounts an immune response against them
68
what is lymphedema?
a type of swelling that occurs when lymph fluid builds up in the body's soft tissues, often in the arms or legs, typically due to damage to the lymph system
69
what is a macule?
a flat, discolored, spot on the skin
70
what are melanocytes?
cells located in the epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color
71
what is melanoma?
a serious form of skin cancer that arises from the pigment-producing cells in the skin called melanocytes
72
what does metastasize mean?
the process by which cancer cells spread from the place where they first formed to another part of the body
73
what is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
a strain of staph bacteria that's resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat staph infections
74
what is Mohs surgery?
a precise surgical technique used to treat skin cancer, involving the progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only cancer-free tissue remains
75
what is a mole?
a small skin growth that is usually brown or black; formed due to a cluster of pigmented cells
76
what is necrosis?
the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply causing the skin to turn black
77
what is nevus?
a benign skin legion, commonly known as a mole, that is often pigmented
78
what is a nodule?
a small lump or growth on or under the skin, often a sign of an underlying condition or disease
79
what is onycholysis?
the painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed
80
what is onychomycosis?
fungal infections of the nails
81
what is onychophagia?
the habit of biting the nails
82
what is pallor?
an unhealthy pale appearance
83
what is papule?
a small, raised, solid bump on the skin
84
what are pathogens?
microorganisms that cause disease
85
what is pediculosis?
an infection with lice, typically affecting the head and resulting in itching and visible nits
86
what is petechiae?
small, pinpoint, nonblanching red or purple spot on the skin, often caused by minor hemorrhages or bleeding under the skin
87
what are pressure injuries?
damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device due to unrelieved pressure
88
what is pruritus?
severe itching; a common symptom in various skin conditions and diseases
89
what is psoriasis?
a chronic autoimmune disease that speeds up the growth cycle of skin cells, causing red, itchy, scaly patches on the body, most commonly on the elbows, knees, and scalp
90
what is purpura?
larger areas of purple or red discolorations on the skin, often caused by bleeding underneath the skin
91
what is pus?
a thick fluid composed of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead tissues, typically associated with infection
92
what is a pustule?
a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus
93
what is a rash?
an area of redness and small spots on the skin due to allergy or illness
94
what is a rhytidectomy?
a cosmetic surgical procedure, commonly known as a facelift, to remove wrinkles and sagging skin
95
what is rickets/?
a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bowed legs
96
what is rosacea?
a chronic skin disorder characterized by facial redness, small, red, pus-filled bumps, and visible blood vessels, often on the nose and cheeks
97
what is the rule of nines?
a method used in calculating body surface area affected by burns
98
what is scabies?
an infection caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin, leading to intense itching
99
what is a scar?
a mark left on the skin or within the body tissue where a wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely, and fibrous connective tissue has developed
100
what is a sebaceous gland?
a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair
101
what is a second-degree burn?
a burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn
102
what are shingles?
a viral disease that causes painful rashes on the skin, caused by the varicella-zoster virus
103
what is a skin ulcer?
an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal
104
what is squamous cell carcinoma?
a common form of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells of the skin; often due to UV exposure and can metastasize if not treated
105
what is staphylococcus?
a genus of gram-positive bacteria
106
what is strptococcus?
a genus of coccus (spherical) bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group
107
what are striae?
comonly referred to as stretch marks; long, narrow streaks, stripes, or lines that develop on the skin, often due to rabid stretching of the skin
108
what is subcutaneous tissue?
also known as hypodermis tissue; the deeper tissue composed of fat and connective tissue
109
what is suturing?
the act of sewing or stitching up a wound or incision
110
what is the sympathetic nervous system?
part of the autonomic nervous system that serves to accelerate the heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and raise blood pressure
111
what is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
a chronic autoimmune disease that can case inflammation and damage to various body tissues and organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and heart
112
what is telangiectasia?
small, visible blood vessels near the surface of the skin; often appearing as red or purple lines
113
what is a third-degree burn?
a severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through the depth of the dermis and possible into underlying tissues, loss of fluid, and sometimes shock
114
what is tinea?
a group of skin infections caused by a fungus, including conditions like ringworm, athlete's foot, and jock itch
115
what is tinea capitis?
scalp ringworm causing itchy, red patches on the head that can leave bald spots
116
what is tinea corporis?
ringworm; a fungal rash on the body that typically looks like a red ring with a clear center
117
what is tinea cruris?
jock itch; causes an itchy, burning rash in the groin area
118
what is tinea pedis?
athlete's foot; causing itching, burning, and cracked skin between the toes
119
what is urticaria?
raised, itchy rashes on the skin, also known as hives
120
what does vascularized mean?
richly supplied with blood vessels
121
what is a verruca?
another term for a wart; a benign growth on the skin caused by a virus
122
what is a vesicle?
a small, fluid-filled sac or blister within or under the epidermis
123
what is a virus?
a microorganism that spreads infection by invading the body's cells and replicating
124
what is vitiligo?
a disease that causes loss of skin color in blotches
125
what is a wheal?
an individual hive
126
what is xeroderma?
excessively dry skin; often caused by environmental factors or certain skin conditions
127
what are yeast infections?
infections commonly caused by the candida fungus, leading to overgrowth and symptoms like itching and dischange
