Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

medical terminology > ch 10 vocab > Flashcards

ch 10 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

A blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to body tissues and symptoms like fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anticoagulant

A

A substance or medication that prevents or reduces coagulation of blood, thereby prolonging the clotting time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

apheresis

A

A procedure where a specific component of blood is removed from a donor, and the remaining components are returned to the donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aplastic anemia

A

A bone marrow condition causing insufficient production of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basophils

A

The least common type of white blood cell, playing a role in inflammatory responses, particularly those involving allergic reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bilirubin

A

A yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. High levels in the bloodstream can lead to jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blood product

A

Components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, used for transfusions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blood transfusion

A

A procedure that enables the transfer of blood products from one person to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bone marrow

A

The soft, spongy tissue found inside bones, responsible for the production of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

The extraction of a small sample of liquid bone marrow for laboratory analysis to diagnose severe blood disorders like leukemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

Obtaining a core of bone and marrow tissue for examining the bone marrow space, often performed with bone marrow aspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

A treatment for severe hematological diseases or cancers like leukemia, involving the replacement of a patient’s bone marrow with healthy stem cells from a donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CBC with differential

A

A CBC test that includes an additional measurement of the different types of white blood cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

coagulation

A

The process of blood clotting, an essential part of hemostasis, involving the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel to stop bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

A blood test that provides a comprehensive assessment of various blood components, including red and white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, and hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

contusion

A

A bruise that occurs when small veins and capillaries under the skin break, releasing blood into the surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

embolism

A

A condition where an embolus becomes trapped in a blood vessel, potentially causing a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

embolus

A

A piece of a thrombus that has broken free and travels through the bloodstream, potentially causing blockage in blood vessels of major organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eosinophils

A

White blood cells involved in the response to allergic reactions, asthma, and infection with parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

A hormone produced by the kidneys that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fibrin

A

A fibrous protein formed during blood clotting, essential for the formation of a stable blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fibrinolysis

A

The process that breaks down fibrin in blood clots, playing a crucial role in preventing blood clots from growing and becoming problematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hematocrit (HCT)

A

A blood test that measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is made up of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hematologist
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders
26
hematology
The study of blood, blood components, and blood-forming organs, focusing on their role in health and disease
27
hematoma
A collection or pooling of blood outside the blood vessel caused by an injury
28
hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs
29
hemolysis
The destruction or breakdown of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid
30
hemolytic disease of the newborn
condition occurring when an Rh-negative mother’s immune system attacks Rh positive fetal red blood cells, potentially leading to fetal death without treatment
31
hemophilia
A genetic disorder in which blood doesn’t clot normally due to deficient or abnormal clotting factors
32
hemorrhage
Excessive bleeding that cannot be controlled by hemostasis and is considered a medical emergency
33
hemostasis
The process of blood clot formation at the site of vessel injury. It involves three steps: vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, and blood clotting (coagulation)
34
hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver, which can be caused by liver disease, cancer, and excess alcohol intake
35
international normalized ratio (INR)
A calculation based on the PT used to ensure test results from different labs are comparable; it’s particularly important for patients on anticoagulant medication like warfarin
36
iron deficiency anemia
The most common type of anemia, caused by a lack of dietary iron needed for sufficient production of hemoglobin.
37
jaundice
A yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, usually caused by impaired liver function that affects the metabolism of bilirubin
38
leukemia
Cancer of the bone marrow and the body’s blood- forming tissues, characterized by an abundance of nonfunctional leukocytes (white blood cells)
39
leukocytes
White blood cells, which are part of the immune system and help the body to fight infection and other diseases
40
leukocytosis
Excessive leukocyte (white blood cell) production, often with nonfunctional cells, leading to increased risk of infection
41
leukopenia
A condition where too few leukocytes (white blood cells) are produced, impacting the individual’s ability to fight off disease
42
liver
A vital organ that plays multiple roles in digestion, metabolism, and hemostasis, including the production of bile and the storage of blood and blood cells
43
lymphocytes
A subtype of white blood cells found in the lymphatic system, playing a large role in the immune response
44
lymphoma
A type of cancer where masses of malignant lymphocytes (white blood cells) collect in lymph nodes, the spleen, the liver, and other tissues
45
medical laboratory assistants (MLA)
Professionals who assist in preparing, testing, and processing specimen samples
46
medical laboratory scientists (MLS)
Professionals who perform complex analyses of tissue, blood, and other body fluids
47
medical technologist (MT)
A medical professional who tests and analyzes blood, other body fluids, and tissue samples
48
megaloblastic anemia
Involves a deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folate, often due to inadequate dietary intake
49
monocytes
A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, and cancer cells
50
neutrophils
A type of white blood cell that helps heal damaged tissues and resolve infections
51
pancytopenia
A reduction of all types of blood components including red and white blood cells, and platelets.
52
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
A blood test that measures a specific group of clotting factors and is used to diagnose clotting disorders or monitor patients on anticoagulants
53
pernicious anemia
Caused by poor absorption of vitamin B12 in the gastrointestinal tract
54
phlebotomist
A medical professional trained to withdraw blood or perform blood transfusions
55
phlebotomy
The practice of drawing blood from a vein, typically for laboratory testing or blood donation
56
plasma
The liquid component of blood in which the blood cells and other components are suspended. It plays a vital role in maintaining blood pressure and regulating body temperature
57
platelets
Also known as thrombocytes, these are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood whose main function is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot
58
polycythemia
Refers to an elevated red blood cell count, which can be a normal response to living at high altitudes
59
polycythemia vera
A bone marrow disease causing excessive production of immature red blood cells and other blood components, increasing blood viscosity
60
prothrombin time (PT)
A blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot, used to check for bleeding problems or the effects of anticoagulants
61
red blood cells (RBCs)
Cells in the blood that carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and return carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs for exhalation
62
Rh factor
An antigen found on red blood cells; individuals can be Rh positive (Rh+) if they have the antigen or Rh negative (Rh−) if they lack it.
63
Rh negative (Ph-)
Individuals who lack the Rh factor antigen on their red blood cells
64
RhoGAM
A medication administered to Rh negative mothers during pregnancy and after birth to prevent the development of Rh antibodies, thereby averting hemolytic disease of the newborn in Rh positive fetuses
65
Rh positive (Rh+)
Individuals who have the Rh factor antigen present on their red blood cells
66
sickle cell anemia
A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, which can block blood flow and cause serious problems in organs throughout the body
67
spleen
An organ that serves as a storage site for red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets, filters antigens, and plays a role in the destruction of old RBCs and the breakdown of hemoglobin
68
splenectomy
Surgical removal of the spleen, which can lead to reduced immune function and an increased risk of infection
69
splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen, which can occur due to various reasons such as systemic infection, sickle cell disease, or cancer
70
stem cell transplant
Another term for bone marrow transplant, involving the replacement of diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells
71
thalassemia
An inherited condition typically occurring in individuals from specific regions, characterized by abnormal maturation of red blood cells
72
thrombocytes
Also known as platelets, these are blood cells responsible for blood clotting
73
thrombocytopenia
A condition where there is an insufficient number of platelets, leading to ineffective blood clotting and potential for excessive bleeding
74
thrombocytosis
A condition characterized by an abnormally high number of platelets in the blood, which can lead to thrombosis
75
thrombolysis
The process of dissolving a blood clot, often achieved with medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
76
thrombosis
The formation of a thrombus, a blood clot, within a blood vessel, potentially causing obstruction of blood flow
77
thrombus
A blood clot composed of platelets, red and white blood cells, and fibrin strands, potentially leading to decreased blood flow or life-threatening obstruction in blood vessels
78
viscosity
Refers to the state of being thick, sticky, and easily coagulable, as seen in conditions like polycythemia vera
79
white blood cells (WBCs)
Cells of the immune system involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders

medical terminology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions