chapter 14 vocab Flashcards
abduction
The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or from another part
achilles tendon
A tendon of the back of the leg, and the thickest in the human body, attaching the calf muscles to the heel bone
actin
A protein that forms (along with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is involved in motion in other types of cells
active range of motion (AROM)
The degree of movement a joint can be moved by a muscle contraction
adaptive equipment
Devices or tools used to assist individuals with disabilities in performing tasks and activities, aiming to enhance independence and functionality
adduction
The movement of a body part toward the body’s midline
assistive equipment
Tools or devices that aid in performing daily tasks and activities, especially designed for people with disabilities, similar to adaptive equipment but may include a broader range of tools
ataxia
The lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up objects
atrophy
The gradual wasting away, decrease in size, or degeneration of muscle or tissue
biceps brachialis
A muscle in the upper and lower arm that acts to flex the elbow and rotates the forearm, situated underneath the biceps brachii
biceps brachii
A muscle of the upper arm that flexes the elbow
bradykinesia
Slowness of movement, a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease
cardiac muscle
Specialized, involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
cerebral palsy (CP)
A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone or posture caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth
chiropractors
Health care professionals focused on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders, with an emphasis on treatment through manual adjustment and/or manipulation of the spine
circumduction
circular movement of the limb, where the distal end describes a circle and the proximal end remains stationary
contracture
The permanent tightening of muscles, tendons, skin, and other tissues, leading to a decrease in flexibility and mobility
deltoid
A large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and responsible for lifting the arm away from the body
depression
downward movement
diplopia
doubled or blurred vision
dorsiflexion
The backward flexion or bending of a hand or foot
dysarthria
Slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand
dyskinesia
Difficult, uncontrollable, impaired voluntary movement
dysphagia
Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing