Chapter 6: The Human Body Flashcards
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The shoulder blade.
Scapula
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The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or palate.
Nasopharynx
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Bones of the hand, situated between the carpals and phalanges.
Metacarpals
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The upper quarter of the sternum.
Manubrium
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The supporting bone of the upper arm.
Humerus
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The reproductive system in men and women.
Genital System
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The area of the head above the ears and eyes; contains the brain
Cranium
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Movement of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
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Any portion of the airway that does contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange; such as trachea and bronchi.
Dead Space
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The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
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The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of eaten food with stomach acids.
Chyme
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The functional units fo the nervous system; also called nerve cells.
Neurons
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The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
Radius
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The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the tidal volume and respiratory rate; also called minute ventilation.
Minute Volume
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The eye socket, made up of maxilla and zygoma.
Orbit
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The movement of air between the lungs and environment.
Ventilation
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The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.
Somatic Nervous System
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Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body.
Motor Nerves
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The thick skin covering the cranium, usually bears hair.
Scalp
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The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air.
Respiration
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The heart muscle.
Myocardium
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The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tail bone
Coccyx
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The spermatic duct of the testicles.
Vas Deferens
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The portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.
Frontal Bone
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Bones of the foot, situated between the tarsals and the phalanges.
Metatarsals
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The study of the physical structure of the body and its components.
Anatomy
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The watery secretion of the mucous membranes that lubricates the body openings.
Mucus
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The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.
Stroke Volume (SV)
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The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into major arteries.
Pulse
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The inner layer of the skin,, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.
Dermis
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The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.
Synovial Membrane
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An oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.
Hemoglobin
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A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.
Urinary Bladder
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The group of bones situated between the lower leg bones (i.e. tibia and fibula) and the metatarsal bones of the foot.
Tarsals
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One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring. It sits lateral to the pubis and inferior to the acetabulum.
Ischium
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The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.
Synovial Fluid
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A set of chemical reactions that supplies cells with energy. Includes both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
Cellular Metabolism
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One of two lower chambers of the heart.
Ventricle
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The place where two bones come into contact; also called articulation.
Joint
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Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues.
Hypoxia
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A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.
Shock
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The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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The depression of the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.
Acetabulum
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A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea.
Oropharynx
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One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs to the heart.
Inferior Vena Cava
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The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
Anatomic Position
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The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary Veins
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The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five confused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine.
Lumbar Spine
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Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.
Seminal Vesicles
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A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient ciruculation to maintain normal cellular function; also called shock.
Hypoperfusion
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The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste.
Large Intestine
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A “backup system” to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.
Hypoxic Drive
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The knee cap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle.
Patella
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The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.
Urinary System
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The bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium.
Parietal Bones
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Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plate.
Hinge Joints
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The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; carries oxygen poor blood.
Pulmonary Artery
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Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.
Subcutaneous Tissue
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The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.
Urethra
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The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs.
Perfusion
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The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within cells.
Metabolism
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The bending of a joint.
Flexion
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The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Small Intestine
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One of the three major subdivisions in the brain sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain like fine body movements.
Cerebellum
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The framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs.
Skeleton
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Flow of blood from right ventricle through pulmonary arteries and all their branches and capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through venules and pulmonary veins; also called lesser circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
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The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed.
Germinal Layer
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Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Adrenal Glands
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The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura; described as potential because under normal conditions, the space does not exist.
Pleural Space
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A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
Foramen Magnum
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The major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side.
Radial Artery
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The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.
Nervous System
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An abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream; also called hypercarbia.
Hypercapnia
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The ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.
Bile Ducts
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The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
Femoral Head
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One of three bones (sacrum and two pelvic bones) that make the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae.
Sacrum
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The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration.
Brainstem
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A device used to measure blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
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A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs.
V/Q Ratio
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The connection point between the pelvis and vertebral column.
Sacroiliac Joint
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The study of the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Physiology
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Blood cells that have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes.
White Blood Cells
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Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting.
Chordae Tendinae
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A bony preeminence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint.
Greater Trochanter
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The space within a cell or cells.
Intracellular Space
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Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle.
Skeletal Muscle
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A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Tough, elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that act as shock absorbers.
Intervertebral Disks
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The wavelike contraction of smooth muscle by which ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents.
Peristalsis
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The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1,200 mL in the average adult man.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
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A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle; also called the ankle bone.
Malleolus
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One of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring. It is the largest bone of the three.
Ilium
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A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by heart rate.
Cardiac Output (CO)
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An organ that lies below the midbrain and above the medulla, contain numerous nerve fibers used for sleep, respiration, and medullary respiratory center.
Pons
