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EMTC C105 (Cerro Coso) > Chapter 16: Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness.

A

Acidosis

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2
Q

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.

A

Adventitious Breath Sounds

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3
Q

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.

A

Alkalosis

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4
Q

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

A

Allergen

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5
Q

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

A

Anaphylaxis

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6
Q

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.

A

Asthma

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7
Q

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

A

Atelectasis

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8
Q

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.

A

Bronchial Breath Sounds

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9
Q

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

A

Bronchiolitis

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10
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever.

A

Bronchitis

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11
Q

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.

A

Carbon Dioxide Retention

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12
Q

A lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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13
Q

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

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14
Q

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called rales.

A

Crackles

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15
Q

A viral inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

A

Croup

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16
Q

An infectious disease in which a pseudomembrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.

A

Diphtheria

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17
Q

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

A

Dyspnea

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18
Q

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.

A

Embolus

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19
Q

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

Emphysema

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20
Q

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction.

A

Epiglottitus

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21
Q

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

A

Hay Fever

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22
Q

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal.

A

Hyperventilation

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23
Q

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min. Often associated with panic attacks.

A

Hyperventilation Syndrome

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24
Q

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen.

A

Hypoxia

25
Q

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease.

A

Hypoxic Drive

26
Q

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.

A

Influenza Type A

27
Q

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

A

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

28
Q

Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up.

A

Orthopnea

29
Q

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.

A

Oxygenation

30
Q

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.

A

Pandemic

31
Q

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe.

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

32
Q

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection.

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

33
Q

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.

A

Pleural Effusion

34
Q

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue.

A

Pneumonia

35
Q

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

A

Pneumothorax

36
Q

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.

A

Pulmonary Edema

37
Q

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

A

Pulmonary Embolism

38
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Respiration

39
Q

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Highly contagious and spread through droplets.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

40
Q

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.

A

Rhonchi

41
Q

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine turned into mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as treatment for conditions like asthma.

A

Small-Volume Nebulizer

42
Q

A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in the acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction.

A

Stridor

43
Q

A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivated. Many strains are resistant to antibiotics. Spread by cough.

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, like an EMT.

A

Ventilation

45
Q

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.

A

Vesicular Breath Sounds

46
Q

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

Wheezing

47
Q

An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.

A

Carbon Monoxide

48
Q

Irritation of the major lung passageways from long-term exposure to infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.

A

Chronic Bronchitis

49
Q

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

A

Pleuritic Chest Pain

50
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

51
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

52
Q

MDI

A

Metered Dose Inhaler

53
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

54
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

55
Q

The sudden onset of a collapsed lung without any apparent cause.

A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

56
Q

PASTE

A

An additional assessment tool for dyspnea.

Progression
Associated Chest Pain
Sputum
Talking Tiredness
Exercise Tolerance

57
Q

An inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body.

A

**Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

58
Q

CF

A

Cystic Fibrosis

EMTC C105 (Cerro Coso) (29 decks)

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