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EMTC C105 (Cerro Coso) > Chapter 20. Endocrine/Hematologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 20. Endocrine/Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.

A

Acidosis

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2
Q

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually due to a lack of insulin.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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3
Q

A form of hypoglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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4
Q

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.

A

Endocrine Glands

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5
Q

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.

A

Endocrine System

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6
Q

One of the basic sugars; it is primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.

A

Glucose

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7
Q

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.

A

Hematology

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8
Q

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors.

A

Hemophilia

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9
Q

Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.

A

Hormone

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10
Q

An abnormally high blood glucose level.

A

Hyperglycemia

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11
Q

A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage.

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)

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12
Q

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

A

Hypoglycemia

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13
Q

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin in not available in the body.

A

Kussmaul Respirations

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15
Q

Ecessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake; often result of excessive urination.

A

Polydipsia

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16
Q

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.

A

Polyphagia

17
Q

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.

A

Polyuria

18
Q

A heredity disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.

A

Sickle Cell Disease

19
Q

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.

A

Symptomatic Hyperglycemia

20
Q

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.

A

Symptomatic Hypoglycemia

21
Q

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.

A

Thrombophilia

22
Q

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system.

A

Thrombosis

23
Q

An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common.

A

Type 1 Diabetes

24
Q

A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications.

A

Type 2 Diabetes

25
Q

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.

A

Vasoocclusive Crisis

26
Q

HHNS

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)

27
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

28
Q

What is the range for normal blood glucose levels?

A
29
Q

Outline the primary causes for hypoglycemia.

A

∆ environment
∆ activity level
↑ Insulin
Certain Drugs

30
Q

Outline the primary causes for hyperglycemia.

A

Low-No Insulin
Illness/Infection
Stress

31
Q

What signs and symptoms do hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia have in common?

A

Fatigue
Altered Mental Status
↓ Skin Signs

32
Q

What signs and symptoms do DKA and HHNS have in common?

A

Weight Loss
Frequent Urination (Polyuria)
Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia)
Excessive Hunger (Polyphagia)
S/Sx Dehydration

33
Q

What signs and symptoms does DKA have that is different than HHNS?

A

S/Sx Ketogenesis
Nausea
Vomiting
Generalized Ab Pain
Fruity Breath
Kussmaul Respirations

34
Q

Why do DKA and HHNS have different signs and symptoms?

A

DKA there is no insulin present resulting in ketogenisis. HHNS occurs when unusable insulin is present. The presence of insulin inhibits ketogenesis.

35
Q

Outline the treatment principles for diabetic emerencies.

A
36
Q

List the complications associated with sickle cell disease.

A

EMTC C105 (Cerro Coso) (29 decks)

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