Chapter 12: Pharmacology Flashcards
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The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
Absorption
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The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.
Action
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An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses.
Activated Charcoal
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A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.
Agonist
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A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.
Antagonist
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A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping).
Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic Acid or ASA)
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Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient.
Contraindications
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The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.
Dose
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Administration of a medication by the EMT directly to the patient.
EMT-Administered Medication
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Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
Enteral Medications
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A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone on the bronchiole tree.
Epinephrine
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A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.
Gel
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The original chemical name of a medication; name is not capitalized.
Generic Name
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An abnormally low blood glucose level.
Hypoglycemia
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The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.
Indications
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Breathing into lungs; a medication delivery route.
Inhalations
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An injection into the muscle; a medication delivery route.
Intramuscular Injections
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A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris.
Intranasal (IN)
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An injection into the bone; a medication delivery route.
Intraosseus Injections (IO)
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An injection directly into a vein.
Intravenous Injections (IV)
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A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.
Medications
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A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled.
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)
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A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and pushed into the naris.
Mucosal Atomizer Device (MAD)
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A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer the medication.
Nitroglycerin
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By mouth; a medication delivery route.
Oral
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A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
Oral Glucose
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Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.
Over The Counter Medications (OTC)
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A gas that all cells need for metabolism.
Oxygen
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Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membrane.
Parenteral Medications
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When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of their own medication.
Patient-Assisted Medications
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When the EMT administers medication to themselves or to a partner.
Peer-Assisted Medications
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Through the mouth; a medication delivery route.
Per Os (PO)
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Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.
Per Rectum (PR)
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The process by which a medication works on the body.
Pharmacodynamics
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The study of the properties and effects of medications.
Pharmacology
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The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.
Polypharmacy
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Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to the physician order.
Prescription Medications
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Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones.
Side Effects
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A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.
Solution
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Injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
Subcutaneous Injections
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Administration of a medication under the tongue.
Sublingual
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A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but does not dissolve.
Suspension
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The desired or intended effect a medication is expected to have on the body.
Therapeutic Effect
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Lotions, creams, and ointments applied to the surface of the skin and affect only the area; a medication delivery route.
Topical Medications
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The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.
Trade Name
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Through the skin; a medication delivery route.
Transcutaneous (transdermal)
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Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.
Unintended Effects
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Actions that can be harmful to the patient.
Untoward Effects
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Any unwanted clinical results of a medication.
Adverse Effects
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A medication used to treat infections caused by a bacterium.
Antibiotic
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A medication that impairs the ability of blood to clot.
Anticoagulant
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A medication used to treat infections caused by a fungus.
Antifungal
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A medication that prevents blood platelets from clumping or sticking together.
Antiplatelet
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The amount of time that clinical effects of a medication last.
Duration
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The process of removing a medication or chemical from within the body.
Elimination
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The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of it proprietary or trade names); the name is not capitalized.
Generic Name
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The amount of time from the administration of a medication to the onset of clinical effects.
Onset of Action
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The point or period when the maximum clinical effect of a drug is achieved.
Peak
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The processes that the body performs on a medication, including how it is absorbed, distributed, possibly changed, and eliminated.
Pharmacokinetics
