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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 6: Spleen > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen _________ in size with age

A

Decreases

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2
Q

The spleen is the ________ lymphatic organ

A

Largest

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3
Q

Describe extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

When the spleen takes over the bone marrow and starts producing RBCs in cases of severe anemia

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4
Q

What is the function of the white pulp

A

Carries out the spleen’s lymphatic function
(Produces and houses lymphocytes)

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5
Q

What is the function of the red pulp

A

Performs phagotic function of the spleen
Contains RBCs and macrophages

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6
Q

What is culling

A

Removal of irregular RBC’s

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7
Q

What is pitting

A

Removal of unwanted material from RBCs

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8
Q

The splenic artery enters the hilum ______ to the splenic vein

A

Anterior

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9
Q

The splenic artery has a _____ resistance flow

A

Low

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10
Q

What are other names for an accessory spleen

A

Splenule
Splenunculus
Supernumerary

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11
Q

What is a splenic cleft

A

Spleen appears to be divided by a hyperechoic line

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12
Q

Asplenia and polysplenia have been associated with ______ malformations and abnormal location of other organs

A

Cardiac

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13
Q

With a wandering spleen, pt could suffer from what

A

Splenic torsion

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14
Q

Whats the name for leukocytes found within the spleen

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

With splenomegaly, the spleen tends to become __________ as it enlarges

A

Hypoechoic

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly

A

Portal hypertension

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17
Q

Epstein- Barr infection (mononucleosis) will always result in _______

A

Splenomegaly

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18
Q

For it to be considered splenomegaly, the spleen should exceed ______ cm length, and ___ cm thickness

A

12-3cm,
6cm

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19
Q

With splenomegaly, the spleen extends beyond the ______ pole of the kidney

A

Inferior

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20
Q

What are clinical findings related to splenomegaly

A

Palpable enlarged spleen, LUQ pain, leukocytosis, infection, trauma, cirrhosis, leukemia, lymphoma, sickle cell anemia

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21
Q

Splenic cysts are also called _______cysts

A

Epithelial

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22
Q

Splenic cysts can also be associated with

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of splenic cysts

A

Asymptomatic
Pain can occur with hemorrhage

24
Q

A splenic hydatid cyst is caused by what

A

The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus

25
Q

Fungal splenic abscesses often result from _______

A

Cándida

26
Q

A history of bacteremia, increases the risk of developing ______

A

Splenic abscesses

27
Q

What are the clinical findings of splenic abscesses

A

Fever
Leukocytosis
LUQ pain
Lt flank or shoulder pain
Splenomegaly

28
Q

What are the sonographic findings of a splenic abscess

A

Fungal abscess may appear as a bulls eye
Increased vascularity around mass but not within it
May contain debris or gas

29
Q

Describe a splenic infarct

A

Tissue has been deprived of oxygen and died

30
Q

What are the symptoms of splenic infarct

A

Sudden onset of LUQ pain

31
Q

What does an acute splenic infarct look like

A

Hypoechoic wedge shaped mass

32
Q

What does a chronic splenic infarct look like

A

Hyperechoic wedge shaped mass

33
Q

What are the clinical findings of splenic trauma

A

Blunt trauma to LUQ
LUQ pain
Low hematocrit

34
Q

What does a splenic trauma look like on ultrasound

A

Acute hemorrhage (complex or hypoechoic)
Will look different depending on age of the hemorrhage

35
Q

What is a splenic hemangioma

A

Most common benign asymptomatic tumor of the spleen
Hyperechoic mass

36
Q

What is granulomatous disease

A

Asymptomatic small echogenic foci (granuloma) that may shadow

37
Q

A pt with granulomatous may have a history of what three diseases

A

Histoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis

38
Q

What is a splenic hamartoma

A

Benign hypoechoic mass or masses
Color Doppler may show hypervascularity

39
Q

What are the clinical findings of splenic hamartoma

A

Asymptomatic (pain may occur with rupture)
Hx of Beckwith-Wideman syndrome or Tuberus sclerosis

40
Q

What is the primary malignant tumor of the spleen

A

Angiosarcoma

41
Q

More often lymphoma and leukemia will involve the ____

A

Spleen

42
Q

Focal masses are less common with ________

A

Leukemia

43
Q

Describe hodgkin lymphoma

A

Malignant
Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
High recovery rate

44
Q

Describe non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

Malignant
Not as easily managed
More common

45
Q

What are the clinical findings of spleen malignancies

A

LUQ pain
Fever
Weight loss
Malaise

46
Q

What does spleen malignancies look like on ultrasound

A

Diffuse - splenomegaly
Focal - hypoechoic masses

47
Q

What is sickle cell disease

A

Group of inherited blood disorders that affect the hemoglobin

48
Q

What are sickle cell anemia symptoms

A

Low hematocrit
Bone pain

49
Q

Autosplenectomy may occur with sickle cell anemia, what does that refer to

A

Spontaneous splenic infarction

50
Q

With sickle cell anemia, abnormal ________ - shaped RBS tend to attach to each other and obstruct vascular channels

A

Crescent

51
Q

What are the sonographic findings of sickle cell anemia

A

Enlarged spleen during a crisis
Focal masses of normal splenic tissue
With time, spleen will look fibrotic and atrophy

52
Q

What is a splenic lymphangioma

A

Benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

53
Q

A lymphangioma is comprised of lymphatic tissue and ________

A

Blood vessels

54
Q

What do lymphangiomas look like

A

Multicystic masses with hypoechoic or anechoic locules and hyperechoic septations

55
Q

What are the symptoms of splenic lymphangioma

A

Náusea
LUQ pain
Abdominal distention
Splenomegaly

56
Q

What is the gold standard imaging for the spleen

A

CT

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

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