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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 11: Chest And Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Chest And Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

The visceral pleura covers each ______

A

Lung

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2
Q

What is the pleural space

A

The area between the visceral and parietal pleura. Normal amount of fluid is located there to help lungs slide

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3
Q

What is a pleural effusion

A

Excessive fluid accumulation around the lung in the pleural space

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4
Q

Describe transudate pleural effusion

A

Results from an imbalance in oncotic and hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

Describe exudate pleural effusion

A

Results from inflammation or a reduction in lymphatic drainage

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6
Q

What is parapneumonic efffusion

A

Pleural effusion associated with pneumonia

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7
Q

What is empyema

A

Pleural effusion with pus

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8
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

Caused by a thoracentesis. Air between the 2 pleural layers

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9
Q

Pneumothorax is better visualized with what imaging modality

A

Xray

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10
Q

With M-Mode, pneumothorax will demonstrate what sign

A

Barcode sign (aka stratosphere sign)

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11
Q

A normal M-Mode finding of a lung sliding will show what sign

A

Seashore sign

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12
Q

During childhood the thymus produces what cells

A

T-cells (specialized lymphocytes)

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13
Q

What chest masses can be analyzed with ultrasound

A

Tumors of the mediastinum like Lymphomas, thymomas
And superficial lung masses too

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14
Q

Ped petients may be evaluated for what kind of stuff in the chest

A

Pulmonary sequestration

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

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15
Q

What is lung consolidation

A

Normal air in the alveoli is replaced with fluid, inflammation and neoplastic cells

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16
Q

Lung consolidation can be caused by what

A

Pneumonia, hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, carcinoma

17
Q

What does lung consolidation look like

A

Similar to liver tissue, with internal echoes (air)
Pleural effusion may be seen too

18
Q

The retroperitoneum is located posterior to the ______ peritoneum

A

Parietal

19
Q

The retroperitoneum extends from the diaphragm to the

A

Pelvis

20
Q

What is the crura of the diaphragm

A

Lineal muscular sections of the diaphragm that attach to the anterolateral surfaces of upper lumbar vertebrae

21
Q

Which two muscles are seen adjacent to the kidneys

A

Psoas muscle and quadratus lumborum

22
Q

The psoas muscle is seen ________ to the kidney and closer to the _______

A

Posterior, spine

23
Q

The quadratus lumborum is seen _______ and _______ to the kidney

A

Posterior and lateral

24
Q

Describe retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Development of a fibrous hypoechoic mass that covers abdominal aorta, IVC, ureters and sacrum

25
Q

What are the symptoms of retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Back/ flank pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and malaise

26
Q

What is the most common location of a retroperitoneal hematoma

A

Within the psoas muscles

27
Q

What are the clinical findings of retroperitoneal hematoma

A

Hemophilia, trauma, surgery, low hematocrit and pain

28
Q

What is retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes (>1cm)
Can indicate infection or malignancy

29
Q

What does retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy look like

A

Large hypoechoic or anechoic lymph nodes compressing aorta and IVC (sandwich sign)
Can also be located in the mesentery or renal hilum

30
Q

What is the gold standard for lung imaging

A

CT

31
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is also called

A

Ormonds disease

32
Q

List common causes for ormonds disease

A

Malignancy
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Crohns disease
Aortic aneurysm

33
Q

What is the normal bladder post void volume for elderly

A

50-100ml

34
Q

The pleural cavity is _______ to the diaphragm

A

Superior

35
Q

Round shape lymph nodes often suggest ______

A

Abnormality

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

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