Chapter 13: Male Pelvis Flashcards
What is the main artery for blood supply to the testicles
Testicular artery
What is the structure that drains venous blood from the testicles
Pampiniform plexus
Scrotal wall thickness should measure between ___-___ mm
2-8
Normal epididydimis head should measure
10-12mm
Adult testicles should measure what in length
3-5cm
What is polyorchidism
An extra testicle, mostly seen on the left side
El extra testicle has an increased risk for developing cancer
What is orchiopexy
Surgical correction of an undescended testis
What is the most common cancer found in an undescended testis
Seminoma
Testicular torsion is most often seen in what ages
12-18 years
What is the bell clapper deformity
Pt lacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis to the scrotal wall
So torsion is common in these cases
What is intravaginal testicular torsion
Most common form of torsion
Testis twist inside the scrotum
What is extravaginal testicular torsion
Occurs in the neonatal period of time and refers to spermatic cord torsion in the inguinal canal
Pts suffering from testicular torsion are often awakened in the middle of the night because of the severe_____
Pain
What are the sonographic findings of testicular torsion (acute)
Higher positioned testis laying horizontally
Enlarged testis with no vascularity
Reactive hydrocele
Thick scrotal wall
If chronic the only change would be hyperemic flow around the testis
What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in puberty
Torsion of testicular appendages
The calcification of a free floating testicular appendix after torsion will result in a scrotal ____
Pearl
What is the blue dot sign
Appearance of a torsed testicular appendage as a blue dot on the skin
Testicular appendages are said to be the remnants of what ducts
Mulleran duct
Wolffian duct
Mesophrenic duct
What is a hydrocele
Simple fluid collection within the scrotum between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis
Can be idiopathic or reactive
What is a spermatocele
Most common scrotal mass
Found in the epididyimis head
What is a varicocele
Dilated group of veins (>2mm) within the scrotum caused by incompetent valves within pampiniform plexus
Excess blood can cause infertitily because sperm dies with high temperature
Describe the primary type of varicocele
Found on the left side
Can be caused by elevated pressure due to extended length of left testicular vein
Also associated with nutcracker syndrome
Describe the secondary type of varicocele
Found on the right side
Associated with RUQ problems like hepatic mass, hydronephrosis , etc
What does a testicular abscess look like
Complex mass with no flow in the center but high flow around it
Patients who have microlithiasis in one testis and a tumor in the other have a high risk of developing what
Cancer
Multiple small intratesticular cysts are often seen along the _________ testis
Mediastinum
Epidermis cysts within the testis often have what appearance
Onion skin look
What are adrenal rests
Ectopic adrenal tissue that migrates to the testicles, most commonly seen near the mediastinum testis Bilat
Adrenal rests are associated with what syndrome
Cushing syndrome
Patients with adrenal rests will have increased levels of what hormone
Adrenocorticotropic
Any intratesticular mass is considered _________ until proven otherwise
Malignant
