Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 2: The Liver > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gold standard imaging for the liver

A

CT first, then MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What liver structures are not covered by the peritoneum

A

Bare area, falciform ligament, gallbladder fossa, porta hepatis, and area adjacent to IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The liver is covered by the _____ capsule

A

Glisson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Couinaud classification do

A

Separates the love into 8 surgical segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The medial segment of the left lobe is also referred to as the _______ lobe

A

Quadrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the splanchnic circulation

A

Blood flow to the majority of GI organs.
Composed of celiac artery, SMA, IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vessel provides the majority of flow to the liver

A

Main portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The main portal vein is created by the union of which two veins

A

SMV and splenic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the portal splenic confluence

A

The place where the smv and splenic vein merge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The portal vein provides the liver with what percentage of blood supply

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Portal veins are considered ________ because they course within liver segments

A

Intrasegmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The main portal vein should measure less than ____ mm

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatic veins are considered _________ and ________ because they are located between the segments and the lobes

A

Intersegmental and interlobar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The hepatic veins are used to distinguish hepatic ______

A

Segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The hepatic veins ________ in size as they approach the diaphragm

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The hepatic artery has a ______ resistance blood blow

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Mickey sign is a transverse image of the

A

Porta hepatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The porta hepatis is composed of what three structures

A

MPV, CBD, and hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enlargement of hepatic veins and IVC is seen with

A

Right sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Occlusion/ narrowing of the hepatic veins is seen with

A

Budd Chiari syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The right branch of the umbilical vein becomes

A

The ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The left branch of the umbilical vein becomes

A

The ligamentum teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recanalization of the ligamentum teres indicates

A

Portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a diaphragmatic slip

A

Pseudomass of the liver resulting from hypertrophied diaphragmatic muscle bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a diaphragmatic slip look like on ultrasound

A

Hyperechoic strand extending from diaphragm into liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the anatomic variant Riedel lobe

A

Tongue like extension of the right lobe
Most often seen in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The anatomic variant “papillary process of the caudate lobe” can resemble a _____

A

Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

And adult liver should measure between _____ and ____ cm

A

13-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are three indirect signs of hepatomegaly

A

Extension of right lobe below lower pole of kidney
Rounding of inferior tip of Rt lobe
Extension of left lobe into LUQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Jaundice is caused by

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe Unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin

A

Non water soluble bilirubin, Travels to the liver via bloodstream, then gets converted into conjugated bilirubin there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Describe conjugated (direct) bilirubin

A

Water soluble bilirubin, that exits the liver and its excreted into the intestines with bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

An increase in conjugated bilirubin is usually associated with

A

Gallstones or pancreatic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

An increase in unconjugated bilirubin is usually associated with

A

Hepaticellular disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Describe prehepatic jaundice

A

The liver cannot process the amount of hemolysis of RBCs, resulting in buildup of unconjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe hepatic jaundice

A

The liver is not able to conjugate bilirubin or secrete it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Describe posthepatic jaundice

A

Caused by an obstruction of bile flow, will cause elevated conjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Posthepatic jaundice is also called

A

Obstructive jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does CEUS stand for

A

Contrast enhanced ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is contrast enhanced ultrasound

A

Used to identify if a mass is benign by injecting contrast agent to identify lesions
(95% specifity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a hepatoblastoma

A

Malignant pediatric liver tumor seen usually before age 5.
Most common malignant childhood tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

There is a high incidence of hepatoblastoma in children with _____________ syndrome

A

Beckwith-wiedemann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatoblastoma

A

Asymptomatic a veces
Palpable abdominal mass and pain
Weight loss
Anorexia
Elevated AFP
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does a hepatoblastoma look like in ultrasound

A

Solid hyperechoic or heterogenous mass that may contain calcifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is an infantile hemangioendothelioma

A

Most common benign liver childhood tumor, identified in the first few weeks or months of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

List the clinical and sonographic findings of hemangioendothelioma

A

Hepatomegaly, hemangiomas of the skin
Homogenous or complex mass that may contain calcifications or cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the most common vascular complication of a liver transplant

A

Hepatic artery thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hepatic veins show ______ flow

A

Triphasic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Assessment of flow should be done at the _____ of respiration

A

End

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The hepatic artery should have what type of waveform

A

Continuous low resistance waveform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the normal resistive index of hepatic artery

A

0.5 - 0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

A TIPS stent is typically located between the __________and the ___________

A

Right portal vein, right hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What patients usually need a TIPS stent

A

Pts with advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Describe the function of a TIPS stent

A

Reduces the amount of flow to the liver by rerouting the blood coming from the portal vein to the hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the primary goal of a TIPS stent

A

Prevent rupture and hemorrhage of gastroesophageal and other varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the normal flow velocity within the stent

A

90-190 cm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are some signs of TIPS failure

A

Thrombus, stenosis or stent, stenosis of hepatic veins, reversal flow and the hepatic veins, flow void, drop in stent velocity or too high of a flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Flow in the right and left portal vein typically _______ after TIPS placement

A

Reverses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What primary cancers metastasize to the liver more often

A

Gallbladder, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast and lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the most common liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the clinical findings of hepatic metastasis

A

Abnormal liver function tests,
Weight loss
Jaundice
RUQ pain
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal swelling with ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are the sonographic findings of hepatic metastasis

A

Heterogenous liver, hyperechoic, hypoechoic, calcified, cystic or heterogenous masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma is most common in what gender

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is a hepatoma

A

The malignant mass in Hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is the tumor marker for Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What does Hepatocellular carcinoma look like

A

Solitary hypoechoic mass or
Heterogenous masses throughout the liver
Ascites
Mass with hyperechoic center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What are the clinical findings of Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Elevated AFP
Abnormal liver function test
Cirrhosis
Chronic hepatitis
Weight loss
Hepatomegaly
Fever
Palpable mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Hepatic steatosis is also called

A

Fatty liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Describe fatty liver disease

A

Disorder characterized by fatty deposits (triglycerides) within the hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Fatty liver disease can be alcoholic or ________

A

Non alcoholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What are some causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A

Starvation, obesity, chemotherapy, diabetes, pregnancy, con fuerte disease, total parental hyperalimentation, severe hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Fatty liver disease is the hepatic manifestation of what disorder that can lead to steatohepatitis

A

Metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is steatohepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver secondary to fatty liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease

A

Often asymptomatic
Elevated liver function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Fatty liver can be diffuse or

A

Focal

76
Q

Describe diffuse fatty infiltration

A

Liver will be diffusely echogenic and difficult to penetrate
No se puede ver bien the vessels and diaphragm

77
Q

What does focal fatty infiltration look like

A

Area of increased echogenicity that can appear like a mass

78
Q

What is focal fatty sparing

A

Diffuse fatty infiltration except for some areas that will look hypoechoic

79
Q

Signs of sparing and fatty infiltration are often seen adjacent to ______

A

Gallbladder

80
Q

Acute hepatitis is said to resolve within _______ months

A

4

81
Q

Chronic hepatitis persists beyond _____ months

A

6

82
Q

The two most common forms of hepatitis are

A

Hepatitis A and B

83
Q

Briefly describe hepatitis A

A

Spread by fecal-oral route in contaminated food and water

84
Q

Describe hepatitis B

A

Spread by contact with body fluids, mother to infant, blood contact

85
Q

Describe hepatitis C

A

Spread by contact with body fluids
Leading indication of liver transplant in the US

86
Q

Hepatitis may be triggered by systemic viruses like herpes or ______ virus

A

Epstein Barr

87
Q

Chronic hepatitis can be caused by autoimmune disorders, Wilson disease, hemochromatosis or it can be _________ induced

A

Drug

88
Q

What is Wilson disease

A

excessive accumulation of copper in the liver, brain and other tissues

89
Q

What is hemochromatosis

A

Excessive iron

90
Q

What are some symptoms of hepatitis

A

Fever, nausea, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, dark urine, HEPATIC (nonobstructive) jaundice, elevated liver function tests

91
Q

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a more specific indicator of _____

A

Hepatic injury

92
Q

What is hepatic encephalopathy

A

A condition in which a patient becomes confused or suffers from loss of consciousness secondary to the brain being exposed to chemicals the liver would normally remove from the body

93
Q

What is Kernicterus in newborns

A

Brain damage that occurs with sever jaundice

94
Q

What does hepatitis look like on ultrasound

A

Might look normal at first. Then it shows hepatosplenomegaly.
Liver tends to become hypoechoic, periportal cuffing may be seen

95
Q

What is the starry sky sign

A

Increased echogenicity of the walls of the portal triads (Periportal cuffing)

96
Q

Define hepatic cirrhosis

A

Liver disorder defined as Hepatocyte death, liver fibrosis and necrosis that will cause regenerating nodules

97
Q

What are common sequelas of cirrhosis

A

Portal hypertension, development of varocosities in the abdomen, portal vein thrombosis, splenomegaly, Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatorenal syndrome

98
Q

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis

A

Alcoholism (alcoholic liver disease)

99
Q

How many grams of alcohol per week is considered significant consumption

A

210g in men
140g in women

100
Q

What are some sonographic findings of cirrhosis

A

Echogenic small right love
Enlarged caudate and left love
Surface irregularity
Ascites
Splenomegaly
Monophasic hepatic veins
Hepatofugal portal veins

101
Q

Cirrhosis caused by alcohol abuse will show micronodules measuring less than ____cm.

A

1cm

102
Q

Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis will show macronodules that measure between ____ and ____ cm

A

1-5 cm

103
Q

List clinical findings of cirrhosis and make sure you understand what they are
Son una PILA

A

Elevated AST, LDH, ALT and bilirubin
Jaundice
Fatigue
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Spider nevi
Púrpura
Palmar erythema
Gynecomastia
Fetor hepaticus
Facial telangiectasia
Hepatic encephalopathy
Caput Medusae
Muscle wasting
Testicular atrophy
Hemorrhoids

104
Q

Pathway of liver disease:
Alcoholism -> ___________ ->steatohepatitis -> ________ -> portal hypertension -> _____________ -> HCC

A

Alcoholism, hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, portal vein thrombosis, HCC

105
Q

What is liver fibrosis

A

Development of scar tissue within the liver as it attempts to repair itself

106
Q

The stiffer the liver tissue the more ______ is present

A

Fibrosis

107
Q

Stiffness is evaluated with what technique

A

Elastography

108
Q

What type of elastography we use

A

Shear wave elastography

109
Q

Define portal hypertension

A

Elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system because el hígado se pone tan duro que la sangre pasa trabajo pa entrar

110
Q

What is the most common cause of portal hypertension

A

Cirrhosis

111
Q

With portal hypertension the hepatic artery will ______ and the flow in the portal vein will be ______

A

Enlarge
Hepatofugal

112
Q

What can consequently develop within the abdomen as a result of the body’s attempt to repair itself by channeling blood away from the damaged liver

A

Portosystemic collaterals and varicosities

113
Q

What is one of the most common collaterals found in portal hypertension

A

Recanalization of the paraumbilical vein

114
Q

Define Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome

A

The umbilical vein (which is associated with left portal vein) reopens and shunts blood away from the liver into the inferior or superior epigastric veins

115
Q

What are some clinical findings of portal hypertension

A

Abdominal varicosities near splenic and renal hilum, and gastroesophageal junction
Cirrhosis symptoms

116
Q

Hematemesis is often present with portal hypertension and it’s a sign of rupture of ___________

A

Esophageal varices

117
Q

With portal hypertension, the coronary vein (left gastric) will demonstrate what kind of flow and what does it measure

A

Flow toward the esophagus and measures greater than 6mm

118
Q

What does TIPS stand for

A

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

119
Q

Describe TIPS

A

Placement of a stent between the portal veins and hepatic veins to shunt blood and reduce portal systemic pressure

120
Q

If cirrhosis is suspected, the tech should analyze the _______ vein for evidence of paraumbilical vein Recanalization

A

Left portal

121
Q

Portal compression leads to portal vein obstruction and it’s caused by

A

Tumors from adjacent organs or lymphadenopathy

122
Q

Portal vein thrombosis is seen in conditions such as

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Portal hypertension
Pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
Pregnancy
Surgery

123
Q

When a thrombus completely occlude the portal vein, the development of ______ may occur

A

Collaterals

124
Q

What is cavernous transformation of the portal vein when thrombosis is present

A

Mesh of tiny blood vessels in the area of the portal vein trying to shunt blood around the clot

125
Q

What are the clinical findings of portal vein thrombosis

A

Pain, fever, leukocytosis, hypovolemia, elevated liver function tests, vomiting

126
Q

Gas within the portal or mesenteric veins that results from ischemic bowel disease is typically ____

A

Fatal

127
Q

Portal venous gas can be associated with bowel diseases and what kind of procedures

A

Invasive procedures that involve stent placement or endoscopic analysis of bowel

128
Q

What does portal venous gas look like

A

Small bright reflectors noted within the circulating blood inside portal vein

129
Q

What is budd chiari syndrome

A

Occlusion of the hepatic veins with possibly coexisting occlusion of IVC

130
Q

Budd chiari syndrome can be seen secondary to IVC web which is what

A

Obstruction of hepatic segment of IVC

131
Q

What are the clinical findings of Budd chiari syndrome

A

Oral contraception
Ascites, RUQ Pain, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, elevated liver function tests

132
Q

What are the sonographic findings of Budd chiari syndrome

A

Nonvizualization or reduced visualization of hepatic veins
Thrombus may be seen within them.
Enlarged caudate lobe
Absent flow in hepatic veins
Narrowed IVC

133
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome

A

Renal impairment and failure as a result of chronic liver disease and liver failure

134
Q

What is a common cause for hepatorenal syndrome

A

Cirrhosis

135
Q

What are the clinical findings of hepatorenal syndrome

A

Reduced glomerular filtration rate
Increased serum creatinine
Decrease urine output

136
Q

What does hepatorenal syndrome look like

A

Normal kidneys
Liver findings are consistent with cirrhosis

137
Q

True hepatic cysts are usually not encountered until middle age and they may be solitary and ____

A

Idiopathic

138
Q

Hepatic cysts may be associated with what disease

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

139
Q

Hepatic cysts associated with ADPKD have what characteristics

A

Asymptomatic, multiple irregular shape

140
Q

Hepatic cysts may also be noted in patients with what disease

A

Von hippel Lindau disease

141
Q

A hydatid liver cyst may also be called

A

Echinococcal cyst

142
Q

Describe how hydatid cysts are developed

A

From a tapeworm parasite that lives in dog feces, si una oveja se come la caca de un perro y después te comes la oveja that’s how you get it
The parasite gets to the liver from the bowel through the portal vein

143
Q

What are the clinical findings of hydatid cyst

A

Fever, RUQ tenderness, nausea, jaundice, leukocytosis and raise in alkaline phosphatase

144
Q

What is the debris contained in a hydatid cyst called

A

Hydatid sand

145
Q

What is the water lily sign (hydatid cyst)

A

Endocyst floating within the pericyst

146
Q

A hydatid cyst may also look like one or more little cysts within a cyst, this is called

A

Mother and daughter cyst

147
Q

What is an amebic hepatic abscess

A

Comes from a parasite that is in contaminated waters that grows in the colon and invades the liver via portal vein

148
Q

Patients who present with amebic abscesses most likely did what recently

A

Traveled out of the country

149
Q

What are clinical findings of amebic hepatic abscess

A

Hepatomegaly
RUQ pain
General malaise
Bloody diarrhea
Fever

150
Q

What are laboratory findings related to amebic hepatic abscess

A

Leukocytosis, elevated liver function tests and mild anemia

151
Q

What do amebic abscesses look like on ultrasound

A

Typically round, hypoechoic, anechoic, with debris and some posterior enhancement

152
Q

Amebic abscesses are often noted in what part of the liver

A

Right lobe, near the capsule

153
Q

What is schistosomiasis

A

Hematocrit infestation of schistoma (flatworm parasite)

154
Q

Schistosomiasis is also called what two names

A

Snail fever
Bilharzia

155
Q

____________ is said to be one of the most common causes of hepatic fibrosis

A

Schistosomiasis

156
Q

How is Schistosomiasis transmitted

A

Though contaminated waters that contain snail parasite, then if you shower with that water te penetra el bicho en la piel

157
Q

What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis

A

Fever
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea

158
Q

What does schistosomiasis look like on ultrasound

A

Bulls eye lesions that have anechoic center and hyperechoic rim
Periportal thickening
Turtle back sign can be seen in chronic cases. This is calcified septa and fibrosis resembling the turtles shell

159
Q

Describe a pyogenic hepatic abscess

A

Results from infections like appendicitis diverticulitis etc spreading to the liver through portal triads

160
Q

What are the symptoms of pyogenic abscesses

A

Fever, leukocytosis, abnormal liver function tests, RUQ pain, hepatomegaly

161
Q

What does a pyogenic abscess look like on ultrasound

A

May appear as a complex cyst with thick walls, debris, septstions and or gas

162
Q

What is hepatic candidiasis

A

The spread of Cándida fungus in the blood to the liver
Most common in immunocompromised people

163
Q

What are the symptoms for hepatic candidiasis

A

RUQ pain, fever, hepatomegaly

164
Q

What are the sonographic findings of candidiasis

A

Multiple hyperechoic masses with hypoechoic borders (bulls eye), less than 1cm big

165
Q

What is the most common benign liver tumor

A

Cavernous hemangioma

166
Q

Cavernous hemangiomas are most commonly seen in what gender

A

Female

167
Q

What is the most common location for cavernous hemangioma

A

Right lobe of the liver

168
Q

What does a cavernous hemangioma looks like

A

Small hyperechoic mass measuring less than 3cm. Posterior enhancement may be seen.
If they’re large they are called Giant hemangiomas

169
Q

Cavernous hemangiomas are comprised of blood vessels, but what will color Doppler show?

A

No flow ni nada because the flow in those vessels is extremely slow

170
Q

Hemangiomas can also look _______, which can be confused for metastatic liver disease

A

Hypoechoic

171
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is most commonly seen in what gender

A

Female

172
Q

Describe focal nodular hyperplasia

A

Second most common benign liver tumor composed of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue

173
Q

What are the symptoms with focal nodular hyperplasia

A

Asymptomatic

174
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is not caused by contraceptives but the use of it can make it worse. Why

A

The mass tends to be estrogen dependent so it grows with contraceptives

175
Q

What does focal nodular hyperplasia look like on ultrasound

A

Could be hypo, hyper or isoechoic
Contains a central stellate (star like) scar that could be hypo or hyperechoic and hypervascular

176
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is also called___________ because it’s difficult to see it most of the time

A

Stealth lesion

177
Q

Hepatic adenomas are rare and benign. And they may be caused by ________ use

A

Contraceptive

178
Q

What are other names for Hepatocellular adenoma

A

Hepatic adenoma or liver cell adenoma

179
Q

What are the symptoms of Hepatocellular adenoma

A

Asymptomatic
Pain if hemorrhage occurs

180
Q

What does a Hepatocellular adenoma look like

A

Mostly hypoechoic
It can also be hyper or isoechoic or mixed echogenicities

181
Q

Describe hepatic lipoma quick

A

Rare, asymptomatic, hyperechoic mass

Ojalá todo fueran así nojoda

182
Q

Describe a hepatic hematoma

A

Consequence of trauma or surgery. Can be intrahepatic or subcapsular

183
Q

Describe the echogenicity of the hematoma as it ages

A

Echogenic at first
Then cystic or complex

184
Q

When a subcapsular hematoma is anechoic it can be confused with

A

Ascites

185
Q

Following trauma to the liver, what other connection can form

A

An arteriovenous fistula

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions