Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 4: Bile ducts > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Bile ducts Flashcards

1
Q

Bile is produced where

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major component of bile

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the biliary tree

A

Provide a conduct for bile to drain from liver to intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Each portal triad contains what three components

A

hepatic artery
Portal vein
Intrahepatic ducts (biliary radicales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the spiral valves of heister

A

Tiny structures within the cystic duct that prevent it from collapsing or distending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ampulla of vater is also called

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CBD diameter shouldn’t exceed ___ mm

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intrahepatic ducts are considered dilated if they exceed ___mm

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the parallel sign or shotgun sign

A

CBD becomes so enlarged that it matches the size of the portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biliary dilation will occur _____ to the level of obstruction

A

Proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most common level for an obstruction to occur is

A

The distal CBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The CBD segment closer to the pancreas head is considered the most ____ segment of the biliary tree

A

Distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The CBD, cystic duct, and part of the common hepatic duct are considered _______ in location

A

Extrahepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the most common causes of CBD obstruction
(There are 4)

A

Choledocholithiasis
Chronic pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis
Pancreas cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If there’s an obstruction, patient will suffer from jaundice. This is called ____

A

Posthepatic (obstructive) Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cholangitis

A

Inflammation of biliary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

With cholangitis the walls of the biliary ducts will be thicker than ___mm

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Charcot triad (clinical finding present with cholangitis)

A

Fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice

19
Q

What lab values may be elevated with cholangitis

A

WBCs, ALP, ALT, GGT, and obstructive bilirubin

20
Q

What are the sonographic findings of cholangitis

A

Biliary pus or sludge, biliary dilation, choledolithiasis, wall thickening

21
Q

Cholangitis is often caused by an ________ obstruction

A

Acute bacterial

22
Q

Describe sclerosing cholangitis

A

Fibrotic thickening of bile ducts, associated with inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis

23
Q

Sclerosing cholangitis often affects what group of people

A

Young men

24
Q

What is pneumobilia

A

Air within the biliary tree

25
Q

What does pneumobilia look like on ultrasound

A

Echogenic linear structures within the ducts, produce ring down artifact and shadowing

26
Q

What are the clinical findings of Pneumobilia

A

Same symptoms of acute cholecystitis
Recent biliary or gastric surgery, emphysematous or acute cholecystitis or fistula formation

27
Q

What is ascariasis

A

When an intestinal parasitic round worm makes its way up to the biliary tree

28
Q

What are the symptoms of ascariasis

A

Asymptomatic

29
Q

What is the primary biliary tree cancer called

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

30
Q

What kind of tumor is the most common manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma

A

Klatskin tumor

31
Q

Klatskin tumors are located where

A

At the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, causing dilation of intrahepatic ducts

32
Q

What are the clinical findings of cholangiocarcinoma

A

Jaundice, pruritus, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, elevated bilirubin, elevated ALP

33
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis. What patients are at most risk of developing it

A

Those with primary sclerosing cholangitis

34
Q

What is a choledochal cyst (pediatric pathology)

A

Cystic mass in the area of ports hepatis causing biliary dilation. Most commonly found in CBD

35
Q

What are the symptoms of a choledochal cyst

A

Jaundice, fever, pain

36
Q

What is Caroli disease (pediatric pathology)

A

Segmental dilation of Intrahepatic ducts. Associated with central dot sign

37
Q

What are the clinical findings of Caroli disease

A

Pain, jaundice, fever, portal hypertension

38
Q

Pts with Caroli disease may also have what other disease

A

Cystic renal disease

39
Q

What is biliary atresia (pediatric pathology)

A

Narrowing of obliteration of all or a portion of the biliary tree

40
Q

Biliary atresia has a poor prognosis. Pts will eventually suffer from what other disorders

A

Cirrhosis, and hypertension

41
Q

Biliary atresia is related to what two “signs”

A

Triangular cord sign and
Pseudogallbladder sign

42
Q

Biliary atresia is caused by a viral infection at birth. What are other clinical findings related to it

A

Neonatal jaundice, elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin

43
Q

What is the gold standard imaging for evaluating bile ducts

A

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions