Chapter 1: Review Flashcards
What does ipsilateral mean
On the same side of the body
What does LAO stands for in regards of patient positioning
Left anterior oblique
What does RPO stand for in regards of patient positioning
Right posterior oblique
When it comes to renal sinus, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder, renal pyramids and renal cortex. Order them from brightest to darkest echogenicity
Renal sinus, pancreas, spleen, liver, renal cortex, renal pyramids and gallbladder
Complex cysts may contain:
Debris, septations, mural nodules, and fluid- fluid level
What is a multiloculated cyst vs unilocular
Many cavities, one cavity
High levels of Alanine Aminotransferse can mean
Biliary tree disease
pancreatic disease
hepatic disease
Low albumin levels mean
Liver damage
High alkaline phosphatase levels can mean
Biliary obstruction
Liver cancer
Pancreatic disease
Gallstones
Low levels of alkaline phosphatase means
Wilson disease
High levels of asparate aninotransferase can mean
Liver damage
Pancreatic disease
High levels of bilirubin can mean
Liver disease
Biliary obstruction
Other systemic disorders/ syndromes
Elevated gamma- glutamyl transferase indicate
Liver disease
Biliary obstruction
Elevated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates
Liver disease
Hereditary coagulopathies
Anticoagulation therapy
Low Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates
Vitamin K deficiency
Elevated Prothrombin time (PT) indicates
Liver disease
Bleeding abnormalities
Anticoagulation therapy
Elevated Prostatic Specific Antigen indicates
Prostatic abnormalities
Low hematocrit indicates
Hemorrhage
Elevated WBCs indicate
Inflammatory disease/ infection
Elevated Urobilirubin indicates
Liver disease
Biliary obstruction
Elevated Calcitonin indicates
Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Anemia
Elevated Thyroid stimulating hormone indicates
Hypothyroidism
Low thyroid stimulating hormone indicates
Hyperthyroidism
High thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates
Hyperthyroidism
Low thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates
Hypothyroidism
High triiodothyronine (T3) indicates
Hyperthyroidism
Low triiodothyronine (T3) indicates
Hypothyroidism
High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicates
Renal disease
Renal obstruction
Dehydration
GI bleeding
Congestive heart failure
High creatinine indicates
Renal damage
Renal infection
Renal obstruction
High amylase indicates
Pancreatic disorders
GB disease
Biliary or pancreatic obstruction
High lipase indicates
Pancreatic disorders
GB disease
Biliary or pancreatic obstruction
Elevated serum calcium indicates
Parathyroid abnormalities
What are nasocomial infections
Hospital acquired infections
Describe the cycle of infection
- Reservoir
- Exit from reservoir
- Vehicle of transmition
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
What does PACS stand for
Picture archiving and communication system
What is pulmonary circulation
Blood to and from the lungs
What is systemic circulation
Blood for the rest of the body
Endocrine organs release ___
Hormones
Exocrine organs release __
Enzymes
The spleen is the largest mass of _____ tissue
Lymphatic
What is lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
Define lymphedema
Build up of lymphatic fluid
The parietal peritoneum is a closed sac with two openings for ____
Fallopian tubes
What does the visceral peritoneum cover
Each organ
List the intraperitoneal organs
Gallbladder
Liver (except bare area)
Ovaries
Spleen
Stomach
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Transverse colon
1st part of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
List the retroperitoneal organs
Abdominal lymph nodes
Adrenal grands
Aorta
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Ureters
Uterus
Most of duodenum
IVC
Kidneys
Pancreas
Prostate
Bladder
The parietal peritoneum is divided into what two sections
Greater sac (extends from diaphragm to pelvis)
and lesser sac (posterior to stomach)
Exudate ascites is ____
Malignant
Transudate ascites is
Benign
What is the “mass effect”
When tumors displace adjacent anatomy
The word part blast as in hepatoblastoma often refers to what
Childhood malignancy
The acronym FAST stands for
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
The subhepatic space to the right side is also called ______ and refers to _____
Morison Pouch, the space between liver and kidney
The subhepatic space to the left side of the liver refers to the space between the ____
Liver and stomach
Where is the subphrenic space
Inferior to the diaphragm
The retropubic space is also called ____ and it’s located _____
Space of retzius, between pubic bone and bladder
Where is the lesser sac
Between the stomach and pancreas
The paracolic gutters are located in what part of the colon
Ascending and descending
The posterior cul de sac in the male is also called
Rectovesical
The posterior cul de sac in the female is also called
Pouch of Douglas (rectouterine)
The anterior cul de sac is also called
Vesicouterine
Whats the ball-on-the-wall sign
Appearance of a gallbladder polyp
What is the barcode sign
Abnormal M-Mode appearance of lung sliding indicating pneumothorax
What is the blue dot sign
Torsed appendage of the testicle that can be seen superficially
What is the central dot sign
Echogenic dot in dilated intrahepatic ducts associated with Caroli disease
What is the cervix sign
Appearance of pyloric stenosis in the long axis
What is the Champaign sign
Air within the gallbladder wall associated with emphysematous cholecystitis
What is the cinnamon bun sign
Transverse intussusception
What is the double duct sign
Dilation of both the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
What is the doughnut sign (or target sign)
Pyloric stenosis in short axis
What is the keyboard sign
Seen in small bowel obstruction
What is the McBurney sign
Pain over the McBurney point in the RLQ. (Appendix)
What is the Mickey sign
Cross section appearance of the porta hepatis
What is the Murphy sign
Pain with probe pressure over the gallbladder
What is the olive sign
Palpable hypertrophic pyloric muscle associated with pyloric stenosis
What is the parallel tube sign (shotgun sign)
Dilation of both the CBD and portal vein
What is the pseudogallbladder sign
Cystic structure noted in the gallbladder fossa, without evidence of an actual gallbladder. Associated with biliary atresia in children
What is the pseudokidney sign
Longitudinal appearance of intussusception.
May also be used for some bowel masses too
What is the Rosving sign
RLQ pain with the LLQ is palpated. Associated with appendix
What is the Sandwich sign
Abnormal abdominal lymph node enlargement associated with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.
Located in the aorta and ivc area
What is the seashore sign
Normal M-Mode tracing of Lung sliding
What is the Starry sky sign
Bright portal triads seen with hepatitis
What is the Thyroid in the belly sign
Hyperechoic edematous tissue surrounding an inflamed appendix
What is the thyroid inferno sign
Hypervascular thyroid tissue noted with color Doppler
What is the triangle cord sign
Avascular, triangular, or tubular structure representing fibrous replacement of duct Associated with biliary atresia.
Seen in the liver hilum
What is the turtleback sign
Calcified septa and fibrosis associated with schistosomiasis (liver)
What is the wall-echo-shadow (WES) sign
Appearance of a gallbladder completely filled with stones
What is the water lily sign
Pericyst surrounding a free floating endocyst, associated with a hydatid liver cyst
What is the whirlpool sign
Cystic duct appearance with color Doppler associated gallbladder torsion
What is the ying-yang sign
Swirling blood flow within a pseudoaneurysm shown with color Doppler
