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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 1: Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does ipsilateral mean

A

On the same side of the body

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2
Q

What does LAO stands for in regards of patient positioning

A

Left anterior oblique

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3
Q

What does RPO stand for in regards of patient positioning

A

Right posterior oblique

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4
Q

When it comes to renal sinus, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder, renal pyramids and renal cortex. Order them from brightest to darkest echogenicity

A

Renal sinus, pancreas, spleen, liver, renal cortex, renal pyramids and gallbladder

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5
Q

Complex cysts may contain:

A

Debris, septations, mural nodules, and fluid- fluid level

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6
Q

What is a multiloculated cyst vs unilocular

A

Many cavities, one cavity

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7
Q

High levels of Alanine Aminotransferse can mean

A

Biliary tree disease
pancreatic disease
hepatic disease

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8
Q

Low albumin levels mean

A

Liver damage

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9
Q

High alkaline phosphatase levels can mean

A

Biliary obstruction
Liver cancer
Pancreatic disease
Gallstones

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10
Q

Low levels of alkaline phosphatase means

A

Wilson disease

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11
Q

High levels of asparate aninotransferase can mean

A

Liver damage
Pancreatic disease

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12
Q

High levels of bilirubin can mean

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction
Other systemic disorders/ syndromes

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13
Q

Elevated gamma- glutamyl transferase indicate

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction

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14
Q

Elevated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates

A

Liver disease
Hereditary coagulopathies
Anticoagulation therapy

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15
Q

Low Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates

A

Vitamin K deficiency

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16
Q

Elevated Prothrombin time (PT) indicates

A

Liver disease
Bleeding abnormalities
Anticoagulation therapy

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17
Q

Elevated Prostatic Specific Antigen indicates

A

Prostatic abnormalities

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18
Q

Low hematocrit indicates

A

Hemorrhage

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19
Q

Elevated WBCs indicate

A

Inflammatory disease/ infection

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20
Q

Elevated Urobilirubin indicates

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction

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21
Q

Elevated Calcitonin indicates

A

Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Anemia

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22
Q

Elevated Thyroid stimulating hormone indicates

A

Hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Low thyroid stimulating hormone indicates

A

Hyperthyroidism

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24
Q

High thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates

A

Hyperthyroidism

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25
Low thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates
Hypothyroidism
26
High triiodothyronine (T3) indicates
Hyperthyroidism
27
Low triiodothyronine (T3) indicates
Hypothyroidism
28
High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicates
Renal disease Renal obstruction Dehydration GI bleeding Congestive heart failure
29
High creatinine indicates
Renal damage Renal infection Renal obstruction
30
High amylase indicates
Pancreatic disorders GB disease Biliary or pancreatic obstruction
31
High lipase indicates
Pancreatic disorders GB disease Biliary or pancreatic obstruction
32
Elevated serum calcium indicates
Parathyroid abnormalities
33
What are nasocomial infections
Hospital acquired infections
34
Describe the cycle of infection
1. Reservoir 2. Exit from reservoir 3. Vehicle of transmition 4. Portal of entry 5. Susceptible host
35
What does PACS stand for
Picture archiving and communication system
36
What is pulmonary circulation
Blood to and from the lungs
37
What is systemic circulation
Blood for the rest of the body
38
Endocrine organs release ___
Hormones
39
Exocrine organs release __
Enzymes
40
The spleen is the largest mass of _____ tissue
Lymphatic
41
What is lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
42
Define lymphedema
Build up of lymphatic fluid
43
The parietal peritoneum is a closed sac with two openings for ____
Fallopian tubes
44
What does the visceral peritoneum cover
Each organ
45
List the intraperitoneal organs
Gallbladder Liver (except bare area) Ovaries Spleen Stomach Sigmoid colon Appendix Transverse colon 1st part of duodenum Jejunum Ileum
46
List the retroperitoneal organs
Abdominal lymph nodes Adrenal grands Aorta Ascending colon Descending colon Ureters Uterus Most of duodenum IVC Kidneys Pancreas Prostate Bladder
47
The parietal peritoneum is divided into what two sections
Greater sac (extends from diaphragm to pelvis) and lesser sac (posterior to stomach)
48
Exudate ascites is ____
Malignant
49
Transudate ascites is
Benign
50
What is the “mass effect”
When tumors displace adjacent anatomy
51
The word part blast as in hepatoblastoma often refers to what
Childhood malignancy
52
The acronym FAST stands for
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
53
The subhepatic space to the right side is also called ______ and refers to _____
Morison Pouch, the space between liver and kidney
54
The subhepatic space to the left side of the liver refers to the space between the ____
Liver and stomach
55
Where is the subphrenic space
Inferior to the diaphragm
56
The retropubic space is also called ____ and it’s located _____
Space of retzius, between pubic bone and bladder
57
Where is the lesser sac
Between the stomach and pancreas
58
The paracolic gutters are located in what part of the colon
Ascending and descending
59
The posterior cul de sac in the male is also called
Rectovesical
60
The posterior cul de sac in the female is also called
Pouch of Douglas (rectouterine)
61
The anterior cul de sac is also called
Vesicouterine
62
Whats the ball-on-the-wall sign
Appearance of a gallbladder polyp
63
What is the barcode sign
Abnormal M-Mode appearance of lung sliding indicating pneumothorax
64
What is the blue dot sign
Torsed appendage of the testicle that can be seen superficially
65
What is the central dot sign
Echogenic dot in dilated intrahepatic ducts associated with Caroli disease
66
What is the cervix sign
Appearance of pyloric stenosis in the long axis
67
What is the Champaign sign
Air within the gallbladder wall associated with emphysematous cholecystitis
68
What is the cinnamon bun sign
Transverse intussusception
69
What is the double duct sign
Dilation of both the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
70
What is the doughnut sign (or target sign)
Pyloric stenosis in short axis
71
What is the keyboard sign
Seen in small bowel obstruction
72
What is the McBurney sign
Pain over the McBurney point in the RLQ. (Appendix)
73
What is the Mickey sign
Cross section appearance of the porta hepatis
74
What is the Murphy sign
Pain with probe pressure over the gallbladder
75
What is the olive sign
Palpable hypertrophic pyloric muscle associated with pyloric stenosis
76
What is the parallel tube sign (shotgun sign)
Dilation of both the CBD and portal vein
77
What is the pseudogallbladder sign
Cystic structure noted in the gallbladder fossa, without evidence of an actual gallbladder. Associated with biliary atresia in children
78
What is the pseudokidney sign
Longitudinal appearance of intussusception. May also be used for some bowel masses too
79
What is the Rosving sign
RLQ pain with the LLQ is palpated. Associated with appendix
80
What is the Sandwich sign
Abnormal abdominal lymph node enlargement associated with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Located in the aorta and ivc area
81
What is the seashore sign
Normal M-Mode tracing of Lung sliding
82
What is the Starry sky sign
Bright portal triads seen with hepatitis
83
What is the Thyroid in the belly sign
Hyperechoic edematous tissue surrounding an inflamed appendix
84
What is the thyroid inferno sign
Hypervascular thyroid tissue noted with color Doppler
85
What is the triangle cord sign
Avascular, triangular, or tubular structure representing fibrous replacement of duct Associated with biliary atresia. Seen in the liver hilum
86
What is the turtleback sign
Calcified septa and fibrosis associated with schistosomiasis (liver)
87
What is the wall-echo-shadow (WES) sign
Appearance of a gallbladder completely filled with stones
88
What is the water lily sign
Pericyst surrounding a free floating endocyst, associated with a hydatid liver cyst
89
What is the whirlpool sign
Cystic duct appearance with color Doppler associated gallbladder torsion
90
What is the ying-yang sign
Swirling blood flow within a pseudoaneurysm shown with color Doppler

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

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