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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 1: Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does ipsilateral mean

A

On the same side of the body

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2
Q

What does LAO stands for in regards of patient positioning

A

Left anterior oblique

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3
Q

What does RPO stand for in regards of patient positioning

A

Right posterior oblique

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4
Q

When it comes to renal sinus, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder, renal pyramids and renal cortex. Order them from brightest to darkest echogenicity

A

Renal sinus, pancreas, spleen, liver, renal cortex, renal pyramids and gallbladder

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5
Q

Complex cysts may contain:

A

Debris, septations, mural nodules, and fluid- fluid level

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6
Q

What is a multiloculated cyst vs unilocular

A

Many cavities, one cavity

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7
Q

High levels of Alanine Aminotransferse can mean

A

Biliary tree disease
pancreatic disease
hepatic disease

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8
Q

Low albumin levels mean

A

Liver damage

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9
Q

High alkaline phosphatase levels can mean

A

Biliary obstruction
Liver cancer
Pancreatic disease
Gallstones

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10
Q

Low levels of alkaline phosphatase means

A

Wilson disease

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11
Q

High levels of asparate aninotransferase can mean

A

Liver damage
Pancreatic disease

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12
Q

High levels of bilirubin can mean

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction
Other systemic disorders/ syndromes

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13
Q

Elevated gamma- glutamyl transferase indicate

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction

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14
Q

Elevated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates

A

Liver disease
Hereditary coagulopathies
Anticoagulation therapy

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15
Q

Low Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) indicates

A

Vitamin K deficiency

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16
Q

Elevated Prothrombin time (PT) indicates

A

Liver disease
Bleeding abnormalities
Anticoagulation therapy

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17
Q

Elevated Prostatic Specific Antigen indicates

A

Prostatic abnormalities

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18
Q

Low hematocrit indicates

A

Hemorrhage

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19
Q

Elevated WBCs indicate

A

Inflammatory disease/ infection

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20
Q

Elevated Urobilirubin indicates

A

Liver disease
Biliary obstruction

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21
Q

Elevated Calcitonin indicates

A

Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Anemia

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22
Q

Elevated Thyroid stimulating hormone indicates

A

Hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Low thyroid stimulating hormone indicates

A

Hyperthyroidism

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24
Q

High thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates

A

Hyperthyroidism

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25
Q

Low thyroxine (T4) or free thyroxine indicates

A

Hypothyroidism

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26
Q

High triiodothyronine (T3) indicates

A

Hyperthyroidism

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27
Q

Low triiodothyronine (T3) indicates

A

Hypothyroidism

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28
Q

High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicates

A

Renal disease
Renal obstruction
Dehydration
GI bleeding
Congestive heart failure

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29
Q

High creatinine indicates

A

Renal damage
Renal infection
Renal obstruction

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30
Q

High amylase indicates

A

Pancreatic disorders
GB disease
Biliary or pancreatic obstruction

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31
Q

High lipase indicates

A

Pancreatic disorders
GB disease
Biliary or pancreatic obstruction

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32
Q

Elevated serum calcium indicates

A

Parathyroid abnormalities

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33
Q

What are nasocomial infections

A

Hospital acquired infections

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34
Q

Describe the cycle of infection

A
  1. Reservoir
  2. Exit from reservoir
  3. Vehicle of transmition
  4. Portal of entry
  5. Susceptible host
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35
Q

What does PACS stand for

A

Picture archiving and communication system

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36
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Blood to and from the lungs

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37
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Blood for the rest of the body

38
Q

Endocrine organs release ___

A

Hormones

39
Q

Exocrine organs release __

A

Enzymes

40
Q

The spleen is the largest mass of _____ tissue

A

Lymphatic

41
Q

What is lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes

42
Q

Define lymphedema

A

Build up of lymphatic fluid

43
Q

The parietal peritoneum is a closed sac with two openings for ____

A

Fallopian tubes

44
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover

A

Each organ

45
Q

List the intraperitoneal organs

A

Gallbladder
Liver (except bare area)
Ovaries
Spleen
Stomach
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Transverse colon
1st part of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

46
Q

List the retroperitoneal organs

A

Abdominal lymph nodes
Adrenal grands
Aorta
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Ureters
Uterus
Most of duodenum
IVC
Kidneys
Pancreas
Prostate
Bladder

47
Q

The parietal peritoneum is divided into what two sections

A

Greater sac (extends from diaphragm to pelvis)

and lesser sac (posterior to stomach)

48
Q

Exudate ascites is ____

A

Malignant

49
Q

Transudate ascites is

A

Benign

50
Q

What is the “mass effect”

A

When tumors displace adjacent anatomy

51
Q

The word part blast as in hepatoblastoma often refers to what

A

Childhood malignancy

52
Q

The acronym FAST stands for

A

Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

53
Q

The subhepatic space to the right side is also called ______ and refers to _____

A

Morison Pouch, the space between liver and kidney

54
Q

The subhepatic space to the left side of the liver refers to the space between the ____

A

Liver and stomach

55
Q

Where is the subphrenic space

A

Inferior to the diaphragm

56
Q

The retropubic space is also called ____ and it’s located _____

A

Space of retzius, between pubic bone and bladder

57
Q

Where is the lesser sac

A

Between the stomach and pancreas

58
Q

The paracolic gutters are located in what part of the colon

A

Ascending and descending

59
Q

The posterior cul de sac in the male is also called

A

Rectovesical

60
Q

The posterior cul de sac in the female is also called

A

Pouch of Douglas (rectouterine)

61
Q

The anterior cul de sac is also called

A

Vesicouterine

62
Q

Whats the ball-on-the-wall sign

A

Appearance of a gallbladder polyp

63
Q

What is the barcode sign

A

Abnormal M-Mode appearance of lung sliding indicating pneumothorax

64
Q

What is the blue dot sign

A

Torsed appendage of the testicle that can be seen superficially

65
Q

What is the central dot sign

A

Echogenic dot in dilated intrahepatic ducts associated with Caroli disease

66
Q

What is the cervix sign

A

Appearance of pyloric stenosis in the long axis

67
Q

What is the Champaign sign

A

Air within the gallbladder wall associated with emphysematous cholecystitis

68
Q

What is the cinnamon bun sign

A

Transverse intussusception

69
Q

What is the double duct sign

A

Dilation of both the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct

70
Q

What is the doughnut sign (or target sign)

A

Pyloric stenosis in short axis

71
Q

What is the keyboard sign

A

Seen in small bowel obstruction

72
Q

What is the McBurney sign

A

Pain over the McBurney point in the RLQ. (Appendix)

73
Q

What is the Mickey sign

A

Cross section appearance of the porta hepatis

74
Q

What is the Murphy sign

A

Pain with probe pressure over the gallbladder

75
Q

What is the olive sign

A

Palpable hypertrophic pyloric muscle associated with pyloric stenosis

76
Q

What is the parallel tube sign (shotgun sign)

A

Dilation of both the CBD and portal vein

77
Q

What is the pseudogallbladder sign

A

Cystic structure noted in the gallbladder fossa, without evidence of an actual gallbladder. Associated with biliary atresia in children

78
Q

What is the pseudokidney sign

A

Longitudinal appearance of intussusception.
May also be used for some bowel masses too

79
Q

What is the Rosving sign

A

RLQ pain with the LLQ is palpated. Associated with appendix

80
Q

What is the Sandwich sign

A

Abnormal abdominal lymph node enlargement associated with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.
Located in the aorta and ivc area

81
Q

What is the seashore sign

A

Normal M-Mode tracing of Lung sliding

82
Q

What is the Starry sky sign

A

Bright portal triads seen with hepatitis

83
Q

What is the Thyroid in the belly sign

A

Hyperechoic edematous tissue surrounding an inflamed appendix

84
Q

What is the thyroid inferno sign

A

Hypervascular thyroid tissue noted with color Doppler

85
Q

What is the triangle cord sign

A

Avascular, triangular, or tubular structure representing fibrous replacement of duct Associated with biliary atresia.
Seen in the liver hilum

86
Q

What is the turtleback sign

A

Calcified septa and fibrosis associated with schistosomiasis (liver)

87
Q

What is the wall-echo-shadow (WES) sign

A

Appearance of a gallbladder completely filled with stones

88
Q

What is the water lily sign

A

Pericyst surrounding a free floating endocyst, associated with a hydatid liver cyst

89
Q

What is the whirlpool sign

A

Cystic duct appearance with color Doppler associated gallbladder torsion

90
Q

What is the ying-yang sign

A

Swirling blood flow within a pseudoaneurysm shown with color Doppler

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

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