chapter 6 key terms Flashcards
decentralization:
the process of distributing the administrative functions or powers of an organization among all levels of the structure.
functional structure:
a modified line and staff structure that brings together trained specialists and specialized resources under a single manager to accomplish a core responsibility.
horizontal differentiation:
an organizational design that is structured based on activity rather than rank.
informal organization:
an unofficial structure within an organization, often based on personal relationships, that has its own goals, communications, and behavior patterns.
line structure:
the oldest, simplest, and clearest form of organizational design; authority flows from the top to the bottom of the organization in a clear and unbroken line.
line and staff structure:
an organizational structure that retains basic elements from line structure but adds auxiliary and administrative support units.
matrix (or grid) structure:
an organizational design that assigns members of functional areas to specific projects, such as a task force.
organizing:
the process of determining the formal structure of task and authority relationships best suited to accomplish a mission.
principle of hierarchy:
a requirement that each lower level of the organization be supervised by a higher level.
sector policing:
an innovative and proactive approach to structuring law enforcement crimefighting strategies, personnel deployment, allocation of resources, and accountability to a geographical zone or area.
span of management:
the number of personnel a supervisor can personally manage effectively.
specialization:
a division of labor wherein specific jobs and tasks are allocated to meet different responsibilities with those specially qualified or trained to perform
structure:
an organizational design that assigns members of functional areas to specific projects, such as a task force.
vertical differentiation:
an organizational design based on levels of authority within an organization.
city-county consolidated governments:
a city and county that have merged into one unified jurisdiction, having the powers and responsibilities of both a municipal corporation (city) and the administrative division of a state (county).
