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Medical Assistant Lesson 17 > Chapter 6: Common Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis?

A

Hardening of arteries due to build up of plaque.

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2
Q

Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood that aids in?

A

Production of cell tissue, hormones and vitamin D.

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3
Q

Plaque is a sticky substance formed when?

A

Cholesterol lodges in the wall of arteries.

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4
Q

What happens when over time, plaque can accumulate on the walls of blood vessels and slowly block blood flow?

A

Can cause heart disease.

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5
Q

When having Arteriosclerosis, dietary changes, losing weight and quitting smoking are not sufficient what is required?

A

Cholesterol-lowering medications.

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6
Q

What is the most common irregular rhythm of the heart?

A

Atrial Fibrillation.

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7
Q

Atrial Fibrillation makes the blood more likely to clot; people with A-fib have a higher risk of?

A

Having a stroke or pulmonary embolism.

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8
Q

Intermittent (paroxysmal) A-fib is characterized by?

A

Episodes that occur with varying frequency and last for a variable period of time before spontaneously stopping.

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9
Q

What is Chronic or Persistent A-fib?

A

Sustained and does not usually stop spontaneously.

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10
Q

What are some treatments for A-fib?

A

Lifestyle changes, medications and procedure called Cardioversion to restore a normal heart rhythm.

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11
Q

In Coronary Artery Disease the coronary arteries carry oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium before becoming?

A

Narrowed by fatty plaque.

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12
Q

When the plaque restricts the blood flow to the heart what can cause?

A

Pain or tightness in the chest.

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13
Q

The pain or tightness in the chest caused for plaque restricting the blood flow to the heart (Coronary Artery Disease) is called?

A

Angina Pectoris.

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14
Q

Does Coronary Artery Disease can lead to Myocardial Infarctions?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

What are some treatments for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

A

Lifestyle changes, medications and procedures like angioplasty and coronary artery bypass.

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16
Q

Leukemia is characterized by?

A

Progressive increase in the number of abnormal cells found in the bone narrow.

17
Q

What does Leukemia cells do?

A

Take over the space inside the bone marrow.

18
Q

The Leukemia cells grow and survive better than normal cells, what happens overtime with these cells?

A

Crowd out the normal cells types that are trying to develop.

19
Q

The rate at which leukemia cells replace the normal blood and marrow cells is the same or different with each type of leukemia?

A

Different with each type of Leukemia.

20
Q

Does the DNA mutation that causes Leukemia can happen to anyone?

A

Yes.

21
Q

What are some common treatments for Leukemia?

A

Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy and bone marrow transplant.

22
Q

The four valves allow one-way or two-ways flow of blood thorough the heart?

A

One-way.

23
Q

What does the Valves consist of?

A

Cups (flaps) fo tissue that open to let blood through and then close shut to prevent back flow.

24
Q

What are the four valves of the heart?

A

Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary.

25
Q

Heart Valve disease can be caused by a number of conditions such as?

A

Aging, rheumatic fever and infections.

26
Q

What does problems with a Heart Valve can cause?

A

Stenosis (narrowing) prolapse (leaking) or regurgitation (blood flowing backward).

27
Q

Lymphoma is cancer that originates in?

A

Lymphoid Tissue.

28
Q

A Lymphoma results from?

A

Uncontrolled production of lymphocytes.

29
Q

What are the two main types of Lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

30
Q

What are some treatments for Lymphoma?

A

Chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation and blood transfusion.

31
Q

Metastasis refers to?

A

Cancer cells that spread outside of the place where they originated.

32
Q

What is the first way of Metastasis?

A

Cancer cells can spread to the tissue surrounding the tumor.

33
Q

What is the second way of Metastasis?

A

Cancer cells can travel through the bloodstream to other locations.

34
Q

What is the third way of Metastasis?

A

Cancer cells can travel through the lymph system to lymph nodes. Cancer cells often travel to lymph nodes near the tumor first,

35
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Immune system mistakenly attacks the tissue lining the joins on both sides of the body.

36
Q

Having rheumatoid Arthritis triggers something in the Immune System to attack?

A

The joints. (trigger unknown).

37
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disease and the uncontrolled inflammation can result in?

A

Bone erosion and joint deformity.

38
Q

What are some Rheumatoid Arthritis include?

A

Therapy, medication and surgery.

Medical Assistant Lesson 17 (18 decks)

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