Chapter 6: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
What is Arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries due to build up of plaque.
Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood that aids in?
Production of cell tissue, hormones and vitamin D.
Plaque is a sticky substance formed when?
Cholesterol lodges in the wall of arteries.
What happens when over time, plaque can accumulate on the walls of blood vessels and slowly block blood flow?
Can cause heart disease.
When having Arteriosclerosis, dietary changes, losing weight and quitting smoking are not sufficient what is required?
Cholesterol-lowering medications.
What is the most common irregular rhythm of the heart?
Atrial Fibrillation.
Atrial Fibrillation makes the blood more likely to clot; people with A-fib have a higher risk of?
Having a stroke or pulmonary embolism.
Intermittent (paroxysmal) A-fib is characterized by?
Episodes that occur with varying frequency and last for a variable period of time before spontaneously stopping.
What is Chronic or Persistent A-fib?
Sustained and does not usually stop spontaneously.
What are some treatments for A-fib?
Lifestyle changes, medications and procedure called Cardioversion to restore a normal heart rhythm.
In Coronary Artery Disease the coronary arteries carry oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium before becoming?
Narrowed by fatty plaque.
When the plaque restricts the blood flow to the heart what can cause?
Pain or tightness in the chest.
The pain or tightness in the chest caused for plaque restricting the blood flow to the heart (Coronary Artery Disease) is called?
Angina Pectoris.
Does Coronary Artery Disease can lead to Myocardial Infarctions?
Yes.
What are some treatments for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Lifestyle changes, medications and procedures like angioplasty and coronary artery bypass.
Leukemia is characterized by?
Progressive increase in the number of abnormal cells found in the bone narrow.
What does Leukemia cells do?
Take over the space inside the bone marrow.
The Leukemia cells grow and survive better than normal cells, what happens overtime with these cells?
Crowd out the normal cells types that are trying to develop.
The rate at which leukemia cells replace the normal blood and marrow cells is the same or different with each type of leukemia?
Different with each type of Leukemia.
Does the DNA mutation that causes Leukemia can happen to anyone?
Yes.
What are some common treatments for Leukemia?
Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy and bone marrow transplant.
The four valves allow one-way or two-ways flow of blood thorough the heart?
One-way.
What does the Valves consist of?
Cups (flaps) fo tissue that open to let blood through and then close shut to prevent back flow.
What are the four valves of the heart?
Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary.
Heart Valve disease can be caused by a number of conditions such as?
Aging, rheumatic fever and infections.
What does problems with a Heart Valve can cause?
Stenosis (narrowing) prolapse (leaking) or regurgitation (blood flowing backward).
Lymphoma is cancer that originates in?
Lymphoid Tissue.
A Lymphoma results from?
Uncontrolled production of lymphocytes.
What are the two main types of Lymphoma?
Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
What are some treatments for Lymphoma?
Chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation and blood transfusion.
Metastasis refers to?
Cancer cells that spread outside of the place where they originated.
What is the first way of Metastasis?
Cancer cells can spread to the tissue surrounding the tumor.
What is the second way of Metastasis?
Cancer cells can travel through the bloodstream to other locations.
What is the third way of Metastasis?
Cancer cells can travel through the lymph system to lymph nodes. Cancer cells often travel to lymph nodes near the tumor first,
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Immune system mistakenly attacks the tissue lining the joins on both sides of the body.
Having rheumatoid Arthritis triggers something in the Immune System to attack?
The joints. (trigger unknown).
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disease and the uncontrolled inflammation can result in?
Bone erosion and joint deformity.
What are some Rheumatoid Arthritis include?
Therapy, medication and surgery.
