Chapter 1: Structures and Functions of the Nervous System Flashcards
What does the Nervous System do?
Coordinates and controls all actions of the human body.
How does Nerve Cells or Neurons communicate?
Through electrical impulses and allow the body to process and response to stimuli.
What are the 2 primary parts of the Nervous System?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
The brain and spinal cord.
What does the Brain do?
Acts as the command center for the body and coordinates all bodily activities.
What does the Spinal Cord do?
Relays information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
What does the Peripheral Nervous System includes?
All the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the body.
What are the Meninges (brain structure)?
Member layers that enclose the brain and spinal cord, protect them from damage caused by bony surfaces of the skull and spine.
What is the Cerebrospinal Fluid (brain structure)?
Fluid acts as a watery cushion to further protect the delicate tissues of CNS.
The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain and is divided into 2 what?
Cerebral Hemispheres.
What are the 2 Cerebral Hemispheres that the Cerebrum is divided into?
Left and right Cerebral Hemisphere.
Why the 2 sides of the Cerebral Hemispheres communicate with one another?
To perform all vital bodily processes.
What are the Lobes that each Cerebral Hemisphere is subdivided into?
The Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Parental Lobe and Temporal Lobe.
What are the Lobes?
Large areas that are anatomically distinguishable from each other and control different functions.
What are the functions that the Lobes control?
Memory, Eyesight, Hearing, Smell, create and store new information.
What is the Cerebellum?
The second largest part of the brain.
What does the Cerebellum functions to?
Produce smooth, coordinated movements, particularly for balance, posture and walking.
What does the Brainstem do?
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
What does the Brainstem controls the functions for?
Necessary for survival like breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
In the tip of the finger, what does the nervous system can detect?
Pressure and temperature.
What are the two types of cells that consist the Nervous System?
Neurons and Neuroglia.
What are the primary cells of the Nervous System?
Neurons.
What are the secondary cells of the Nervous System?
Neuroglia cella involved in nourishment and structural support.
What does Neurons do?
Transmit signals rapidly.
How does Neuron accomplished go send signals very rapidly?
In two ways; within the neuron itself and between neurons.
A typical Neuron is composed of?
A cell body, dendrites and axons.
What does Dendrites do?
Carry impulses toward the cell body.
What does the Axons do?
Transmit the impulses away form the cell body.
What is called the contact between one neuron’s axon and another neuron’s dendrites is called?
Synapse.
