Chapter 4: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
What is a Fracture?
A break that occurs in any bone.
What is a Closed Fracture?
The broken bone doesn’t break the skin.
What is an Open Fracture (Compound Fracture)?
Ends of the broken bone tear through the skin (higher risk of infection).
What is a Hairline Fracture?
The bone breaks in a thin crack.
What is a Greenstick Fracture?
The bone bends and splinters instead of breaking into separate pieces.
What is a Commuted Fracture?
The bone breaks or crushed into three or more pieces.
What is a Pathologic Fracture?
The bone breaks in an area weakened by another disease process.
What is a Spiral Fracture?
The bone breaks from a twisting motion.
What is a Stress Fracture?
A small crack in a bone caused by overuse and repetitive activity.
What is a Transverse Fracture?
The break goes in a straight line across the bone.
What can lead to Herniation of a disc?
Too much wear and tear on spinal discs.
What is the Herniation of a disc?
The outer covering is weakened or torn and the soft inner tissue extrudes.
How does Herniated Discs can cause leg pain or weakness?
If the disc presses on a nerve root.
What happens if conservative treatment with pain and anti-inflammatory medication fails?
Surgery may be needed to remove the protruding disc material or to connect two vertebrae together.
What is Osteoarthritis?
A common type of Arthritis with a gradual loss of cartilage form the joints.
What is one of the strongest risk factor for developing Osteoarthritis?
Advancing age.
Osteoarthritis is often referred to as?
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or “wear and tear” arthritis.
What can relieve symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Medications.
Replacing worn or damaged joints, such as the knees and hips, with prosthetic implants are commonly performed procedures known as?
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) and Total Hip Replacement (THR).
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to?
The loss of bone mass causing bones to weaken and fracture.
The spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae can cause pathologic fractures of?
The spine with resulting pain, height loss, and possible permanent disability.
Why is surgery often recommended for Osteoporosis?
To stabilize the spine and reduce the pain.
What are the primary risk factors for Osteoporosis?
Gender (female), age, family history, use of medications, smoking and sedentary lifestyle.
What are the treatments of Osteoporosis?
Calcium and vitamin D, exercise and medications to help reduce bone loss.
What is Spinal Stenosis?
A condition in which the vertebral canal narrows.
What causes when the Vertebral Canal narrows?
Causes impingement of the spinal cord resulting in pain down the buttocks, thighs and lower legs.
Most often Spinal Stenosis is a result of?
Aging.
What happens when a conservative treatment with medications and physical therapy do not work to alleviate the pain of Spinal Stenosis?
Surgery such as Laminectomy or Spinal Fusion may be necessary.
