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Medical Assistant Lesson 17 > Chapter 3: Common Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

When does a Skin Abscess occur?

A

When a bacterial infection causes pus to collect in a localized area of the skin.

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2
Q

What is the treatment of Abscess?

A

Draining the abscess and obtaining a culture to determine the causative pathogens.

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3
Q

What is Actinic keratosis?

A

A common crusty skin lesion resulting from years of sun exposure.

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4
Q

If Actinic Keratosis is left untreated, does it may develop into skin cancer?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

What is used to destroy the lesion of Actinic Keratosis?

A

Cryotherapy or a topical chemotherapy drug.

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6
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

An acute, rapidly spreading bacterial skin condition causing redness, swelling, warmth and pain.

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7
Q

How does Cellulitis can develop?

A

When a skin wound allows bacteria enter the body.

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8
Q

What does Streptococcus (strep) and Staphylococcus (staph) cause?

A

Most cases of Cellulitis.

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9
Q

What does Cellulitis treatment include?

A

Oral antibiotics, warm compress and NSAIDs to relieve. symptoms.

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10
Q

Does severe cases often require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics?

A

Yes.

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11
Q

What is Dermatophytosis?

A

A highly contagious fungal infection of the skin also called Ringworm.

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12
Q

From where does Dermatophytosis (ringworm) gets its name?

A

From its circular appearance.

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13
Q

What is Ringworm of the body called?

A

Tinea Corporis.

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14
Q

What is Ringworm of the scalp called?

A

Tinea Capitis.

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15
Q

What is Ringworm of the groin called?

A

Tinea Cruris.

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16
Q

What is Ringworm of the foot (athlete’s foot) called?

A

Tinea Pedis.

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17
Q

The treatment of Dermatophytosis is provided by the application of?

A

A topical anti fungal cream.

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18
Q

Herpez Zoster is caused by?

A

The same virus that causes Chickenpox (the varicella zoster virus).

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19
Q

When the Herpes Zoster reactivates it spreads only to?

A

One side the body along the nerve where it had been residing,

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20
Q

What is called the area where the body along nerve it had been residing?

A

Dermatome.

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21
Q

What are medications needed to treat this painful rash (Herpes Zoster)?

A

Anti-viral and pain medications.

22
Q

Vaccines for Herpes Zoster are only available for?

A

People aged 50 and older to prevent the virus.

23
Q

Pressure Ulcer is also known as?

A

Decubitus Ulcer or Bed Sore.

24
Q

What is a Pressure Ulcer?

A

An open wound on the skin.

25
Q

When the skin is thinner in places next to bone and lying on a certain area of the body for long periods can cause?

A

Skin to break down.

26
Q

What areas of the body are especially vulnerable to Pressure Ulcers?

A

Elbows, hips, heels, and tailbone.

27
Q

Without proper care, Pressure Ulcer sore can quickly become infected and?

A

Result in tissue death.

28
Q

How does Pressure Ulcers should be kept?

A

Clean, moist and bandaged.

29
Q

What is Debridement (of Pressure Ulcer0?

A

A process of removing dead tissue form the wound (may be necessary).

30
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

A marked by flaky red patches of skin on the scalp, elbows and knees.

31
Q

What does the white or silvery scales cover (Psoriases)/

A

The patches.

32
Q

Instead of the normal shedding how does the skin cells in Psoriasis are?

A

Pile up on the skin forming plaques that itch and burn.

33
Q

The inflammation from Psoriasis can impact other organs in the body, and many people with Psoriasis can develop?

A

Psoriatic Arthritis.

34
Q

What is cause of Psoriasis?

A

An overactive immune system.

35
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Psoriasis?

A

The use of Biologics (medications made using living organisms).

36
Q

What is the most common skin cancer, also the least dangerous?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma.

37
Q

Why does Basal Cell Carcinoma is the least dangerous cancer?

A

It does not metastasize.

38
Q

Basal cell skin cancer arises from the uncontrolled growth of basal cells; What are the Basal Cells?

A

Cells within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die.

39
Q

How does Basal cell skin cancers occur?

A

Primarily on skin regularly exposed to sunlight.

40
Q

What is the most effective treatment for both basal cell and squamous cells skin cancers?

A

Mohs surgery.

41
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma results from?

A

Abnormal changes in the squamous cells.

42
Q

What compose most of the skin’s upper layers?

A

Squamous cells.

43
Q

Damage to the DNA (squamous cell carcinoma) of the cells is caused by prolonged exposure to?

A

Ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun and tanning beds.

44
Q

Does Squamous Cell Carcinoma responds well to surgical removal?

A

Yes.

45
Q

Does Squamous Cell Carcinoma can metastasize if neglected?

A

Yes.

46
Q

What is the least common but the deadliest skin cancer?

A

Malignant Melanoma.

47
Q

Where does Malignant Melanoma tumor originate?

A

In the melanocytes (pigment-producing skin cells) in the upper layer of the skin.

48
Q

Does Malignant Melanoma can metastasize quickly if neglected?

A

Yes.

49
Q

Malignant Melanoma develop when DNA damage to skin cells trigger mutations that lead the skin cells to?

A

Multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.

50
Q

Does surgical treatment can be sufficient for early-stage Malignant Melanoma?

A

Yes.

51
Q

Does surgical treatment can be sufficient for advanced cancer of Malignant Melanoma?

A

No, requires additional treatment approaches like immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Medical Assistant Lesson 17 (18 decks)

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