Chapter 3: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
When does a Skin Abscess occur?
When a bacterial infection causes pus to collect in a localized area of the skin.
What is the treatment of Abscess?
Draining the abscess and obtaining a culture to determine the causative pathogens.
What is Actinic keratosis?
A common crusty skin lesion resulting from years of sun exposure.
If Actinic Keratosis is left untreated, does it may develop into skin cancer?
Yes.
What is used to destroy the lesion of Actinic Keratosis?
Cryotherapy or a topical chemotherapy drug.
What is Cellulitis?
An acute, rapidly spreading bacterial skin condition causing redness, swelling, warmth and pain.
How does Cellulitis can develop?
When a skin wound allows bacteria enter the body.
What does Streptococcus (strep) and Staphylococcus (staph) cause?
Most cases of Cellulitis.
What does Cellulitis treatment include?
Oral antibiotics, warm compress and NSAIDs to relieve. symptoms.
Does severe cases often require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics?
Yes.
What is Dermatophytosis?
A highly contagious fungal infection of the skin also called Ringworm.
From where does Dermatophytosis (ringworm) gets its name?
From its circular appearance.
What is Ringworm of the body called?
Tinea Corporis.
What is Ringworm of the scalp called?
Tinea Capitis.
What is Ringworm of the groin called?
Tinea Cruris.
What is Ringworm of the foot (athlete’s foot) called?
Tinea Pedis.
The treatment of Dermatophytosis is provided by the application of?
A topical anti fungal cream.
Herpez Zoster is caused by?
The same virus that causes Chickenpox (the varicella zoster virus).
When the Herpes Zoster reactivates it spreads only to?
One side the body along the nerve where it had been residing,
What is called the area where the body along nerve it had been residing?
Dermatome.
What are medications needed to treat this painful rash (Herpes Zoster)?
Anti-viral and pain medications.
Vaccines for Herpes Zoster are only available for?
People aged 50 and older to prevent the virus.
Pressure Ulcer is also known as?
Decubitus Ulcer or Bed Sore.
What is a Pressure Ulcer?
An open wound on the skin.
When the skin is thinner in places next to bone and lying on a certain area of the body for long periods can cause?
Skin to break down.
What areas of the body are especially vulnerable to Pressure Ulcers?
Elbows, hips, heels, and tailbone.
Without proper care, Pressure Ulcer sore can quickly become infected and?
Result in tissue death.
How does Pressure Ulcers should be kept?
Clean, moist and bandaged.
What is Debridement (of Pressure Ulcer0?
A process of removing dead tissue form the wound (may be necessary).
What is Psoriasis?
A marked by flaky red patches of skin on the scalp, elbows and knees.
What does the white or silvery scales cover (Psoriases)/
The patches.
Instead of the normal shedding how does the skin cells in Psoriasis are?
Pile up on the skin forming plaques that itch and burn.
The inflammation from Psoriasis can impact other organs in the body, and many people with Psoriasis can develop?
Psoriatic Arthritis.
What is cause of Psoriasis?
An overactive immune system.
What is the most effective treatment for Psoriasis?
The use of Biologics (medications made using living organisms).
What is the most common skin cancer, also the least dangerous?
Basal Cell Carcinoma.
Why does Basal Cell Carcinoma is the least dangerous cancer?
It does not metastasize.
Basal cell skin cancer arises from the uncontrolled growth of basal cells; What are the Basal Cells?
Cells within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die.
How does Basal cell skin cancers occur?
Primarily on skin regularly exposed to sunlight.
What is the most effective treatment for both basal cell and squamous cells skin cancers?
Mohs surgery.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma results from?
Abnormal changes in the squamous cells.
What compose most of the skin’s upper layers?
Squamous cells.
Damage to the DNA (squamous cell carcinoma) of the cells is caused by prolonged exposure to?
Ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun and tanning beds.
Does Squamous Cell Carcinoma responds well to surgical removal?
Yes.
Does Squamous Cell Carcinoma can metastasize if neglected?
Yes.
What is the least common but the deadliest skin cancer?
Malignant Melanoma.
Where does Malignant Melanoma tumor originate?
In the melanocytes (pigment-producing skin cells) in the upper layer of the skin.
Does Malignant Melanoma can metastasize quickly if neglected?
Yes.
Malignant Melanoma develop when DNA damage to skin cells trigger mutations that lead the skin cells to?
Multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.
Does surgical treatment can be sufficient for early-stage Malignant Melanoma?
Yes.
Does surgical treatment can be sufficient for advanced cancer of Malignant Melanoma?
No, requires additional treatment approaches like immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
