Chapter 5: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
What happens to the Bronchi and Bronchioles when someone has Asthma?
They narrow (bronchospasm), swell and produce excess mucus.
What happens when someone has Asthma?
Breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
What can trigger Asthma?
Allergens such as pollen, dust and pet dander.
Does exercise, respiratory infections, air pollution, tobacco smoke and could weather can cause Asthma?
Yes.
What are som options to control the symptoms of asthma?
Bronchodilators, anti-iniflammatory medications and biologics.
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
A group of disease that includes Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive formation of?
Scar tissue around the bronchioles and destruction of the alveoli in lungs.
What is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Long term cigarette smoking (not all smoker develop it)
Is there cure for Choric Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
No, but there are medications to control symptoms.
What are some medications to control the symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory medications and combination agents.
Is supplemental oxygen used?
Yes, only as needed.
How does Lung Cancer develops?
When normal cells division and growth are disputed giving way to abnormal and uncontrollable growth.
What is the most common risk factor for developing Lung Cancer?
Cigarette smoking. Lung cancer can occur in nonsmokers.
What is the underlining cause in Cigarette Smoking and Nonsmoker?
Not well understood.
What are the most critical factors in determine treatment that consist of primary of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy?
Cell type and Cancer Stage.
Due to lack of symptoms, most people receive a diagnosis when the disease has metastasized to?
The Lymph nodes, liver, brain or bone.
With the lack of symptoms of Lung Cancer is why?
It has one of the poorest survival rates of all cancers.
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
The most common type of sleep-disordered breathing.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by?
Recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep.
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) means that people will stop breathing during the night?
Yes.
What does Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) mainly affects?
Older men who are overweight.
What happens when Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA0 is untreated?
Causes daytime tiredness, serious health problems like hypertension, diabetes, stroke and heart attacks.
What is the preferred treatment for moderate to severe apnea?
With a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) a breathing assistance device.
What is Pneumonia?
An infection of one or both lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with fluid or pus.
What are the four types of Pneumonia?
Bacterial, Mycoplasma, Aspiration and Viral Pneumonia.
What is the most common type of bacteria that causes Bacterial Pneumonia?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae.
What does the treatment of bacterial Pneumonia consist of?
Antibiotics, bed rest, increased fluid intake and possibly oxygen.
Are Vaccines available for Bacterial Pneumonia?
Yes, only for people aged 65 and older to prevent Pneumococcal Pneumonia.
Mycoplasma Pneumonia is caused by?
The bacterium Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
What Pneumoniae is responsible for most of the pneumonia cases contracted in the community (community-acquired pneumonia)?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
How is Hospital-aquired Pneumonia contracted?
In health care settings.
What is the treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia?
Antibiotics.
Aspiration Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs resulting from?
Inhaling food, liquid or vomit into the lungs.
When people who have Aspiration Pneumonia may experience difficulty swallowing after a stroke may need to use thickened liquids or other feeding methods to?
Reduce the risk of aspiration.
Aspiration Pneumonia is primarily treated with?
Antibiotics.
VIral Pneumonua îs caused by various viruses, including?
Influenza.
If there are no treatments for most Viral Pneumonia how does it gets cure?
Over-the-counter medicines to relieve pain, reduce fever and loosen mucus are recommended.
If the flu virus is the cause of Viral Pneumonia what can reduce the length and severity of the illness?
Antiviral drugs.
When does Pulmonary Embolism occurs?
When a blood clot dislodges from a vein and causes a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries.
The blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries cause a blood clot in deep veins of?
The legs, thighs or pelvis that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lung.
When the blood clot blocks the flow to part of the lung, preventing oxygen from?
Reaching the brain and body.
A Pulmonary Embolism can be deadly if not identified and treated promptly with?
Medication to dissolve the clot or surgery to remove it from the pulmonary artery.
