Chapter 1: Common Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common form of dementia?
Alzheimer’s Disease.
What is Alzheimer’s Disease?
An irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills.
What are some of the key features of of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Abnormal Plaques and Tangles in the brain.
What is another feature of Alzheimer’s Disease?
The loos of connection between nerve cells (neuron in the brain.
What is the exact etiology (cause) of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Is unknown, but age, hereditary and conditions that damage the heart and blood vessels have an impact.
What is Bell’s Palsy?
A form of temporary facial weakness or paralysis on one side of the face.
Bell’s Palsy is a resulting from?
Inflammation or trauma to the nerve that controls the facial muscles.
The affected nerve of Bell’s Palsy causes the side of the drooping on one side of the face with?
Difficulty speaking, eating, or drinking.
How does most people who develop Bell’s palsy recover?
Without treatment in a few months.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is caused by?
Compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
What does Carpal Tunnel Syndrome causes?
Numbness tingling and weakness in the hand.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) often results from repetitive motions such as?
COmputer work, assembly line work, carpentry or gardening.
When is surgery recommended for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
When CTP doesn’t respond to nonsurgical treatment.
What is Cerebral Aneurysm?
A weak spot on a blood vessel in the brain that balloons out and fills with blood.
What happens when the Cerebral Aneurysm leaks or ruptures?
Causes a hemorrhage and can be fatal without emergency surgery.
What increases the risk of Cerebral Aneurysm?
High blood pressure and smoking.
What is Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or a Stroke?
The loos of blood supply to part of the brain.
when does a Hemorrhagic Stroke occurs?
When an aneurysm bursts or a blood vessel leaks blood into the brain causing swelling and pressure that damages brain cells and tissues.
When does an Ischemic Stroke (the most common)?
When a blood vessel carrying blood to the brain becomes blocked by a blood clot.
What does Strokes can cause?
Hemiplegia or one sided paralysis.
When the nerves cross in the brain stem, damage to the right side of the brain and causes?
Left-sided paralysis and vice versa.
What are the warning signs of stroke?
Numbness, weakness in the face, arm, leg, trouble speaking, mental confusion, blurry vision, trouble walking, nausea, vomiting, severe headache or difficultly swallowing.
What is Epilepsy?
A brain disorder marked by episodes of seizures that are associates with abnormal electrical impulses from the neurons of the brain.
Does Epilepsy affect the whole brain of just part of the brain?
Both.
Meningitis causes inflammation of?
The membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Meningitis can be caused by?
Bacteria, fungi or viruses.
Is there a vaccine available for bacterial meningitis?
Yes.
Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by?
Demyelination.
What is Demyelination?
Damage to the myelin sheath.
Multiple Sclerosis damage slows down or blocks messages between?
The brain and body, leading to the symptoms of MS.
What is the suspected case of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
An immune system malfunction.
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
A progressive disease caused by degeneration of bran cells due to dopamine deficiency.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical responsible for?
Sending messages between the brain and different nerve cells of the body.
What is the most common sign of Parkinson’s Disease?
Tremor.
Does Parkinson’s Disease can cause muscle stiffness and slowing of movements?
Yes.
When does Traumatic Brain Injury occurs?
When a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.
Traumatic Brain Injury can result from?
A violent blow or jolt to the head or when an object pierces the skull and enter the brain tissue (such as a bullet).
What are the Symptoms of the Traumatic Brain Injury?
Mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the damage to the brain.
