CHAPTER 6 - Building Construction Flashcards
When selecting materials for building construction, architects most often place a priority on
A. price and ease of construction
B. functionality and aesthetics.
C. availability of materials and price.
D. durability and maintenance expenses.
B. functionality and aesthetics.
Which of the following materials will expand at extreme high temperatures, conducts heat well, and loses its strength as the temperature increases?
A. Steel
B. Concrete
C. Masonry
D. Gypsum
A. Steel
Which type of glass consists of a thin sheet of plastic between two sheets of glass?
A.Tempered glass
B. Wired glass
C. Laminated glass
D. Glass blocks
C. Laminated glass
What is the most commonly used building material?
A.Steel
B. Concrete
C. Aluminum
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Thin sheets of wood that are glued together are called
A.wood panels.
B. laminated wood.
C. wood trusses.
D. wooden beams.
B. laminated wood.
Which synthetic material is found in many products and may be transparent or opaque, stiff or Flexible , tough or brittle?
A.Glass
B. Plastic
C. Aluminum
D. Copper
B. Plastic
Thermoplastic materials melt and drip when exposed to high temperatures,some even as low as
A.100 °F.
B. 250 °F.
C. 500 °F.
D. 650 °F.
C. 500 °F
Thermoset materials are fused by heat and
A.will melt in low temperatures.
B. will not burn.
C. will always maintain their strength.
D. will not melt.
D. will not melt.
Buildings having masonry exterior walls and interior walls, floors, and roofs made of wood are considered to be
A.Type II construction.
B. Type III construction.
C. Type IV construction.
D. Type V construction.
B. Type III construction.
What is the length of time that a building or building components can withstand a fire before igniting called?
A.Pyrolysis
B. Thermal resistance
C. Fire retardance
D. Fire resistance
D. Fire resistance
Which type of building construction provides the highest degree of safety and is usually made of reinforced concrete and protected steel-frame construction?
A.Type I
B. Type II
C. Type IV
D. Type V
A. Type I
Which type of building construction has two separate fire loads?
A.Type II
B. Type III
C. Type IV
D. Type V
B. Type III
What is another term for wood-frame construction?
A.Type I
B. Type II
C. Type IV
D. Type V
D . Type V
The weight of the building is called the
A.live load.
B. total load.
C. dead load.
D. structural load.
C. dead load.
Lightweight and heavy timber construcuon are examples of
A.Type I construction.
B. window frames.
C. wood floor structures.
D. roofs .
C. wood floor structures.
Pitched , curved, and flat are types of
A.awnings.
B. roofs.
C. stairways.
D. rafters.
B. roofs.
How many layers will a typical built-up roof covering have?
A.3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
B. 5
Trusses are used extensively in support systems for
A.both floors and roofs.
B. floors.
C. roofs.
D. roofs, with the exception of flat roofs.
A. both floors and roofs.
A steel bar joist is an example of a
A.bowstring truss.
B. pitched chord truss.
C. parallel chord truss.
D. flat chord truss.
C. parallel chord truss.
Walls that are constructed on the line between two properties and are shared by a building on each side of the line are called
A.fire walls.
B. fire partitions.
C. curtain walls.
D. party walls.
D. party walls.
Fire doors and fire windows are rated for a parttcular duration of
A.heat resistance to controlled temperatures.
B. internal temperature compliance
C. standard fire resistance
D. fire resistance to a standard test fire.
D. fire resistance to a standard test fire.
The exposed interior surfaces of a building are commonly referred to as the
A.intenor finish.
B. building surfaces.
C. structural surfaces.
D. structural finish.
A. interior finish.
The term ___________ refers to how a building is used.
occupancy
A(n) ___________ helps prevent the spread of a fire from one side to the other side of the wall.
fire wall
When wood is exposed to high temperatures, its strength can be decreased through the process of ___________ .
pyrolysis
Type ___________ is the most fire-resistive category of building construction.
I
Fire severity m a Type II building is determined by the ___________ .
contents of the building
Type ___________ building construction is the most commonly used type of construction today.
V
___________ -frame construction is used for almost a modern wood-framed construction.
Platform
A(n) ___________ chord truss is typically used to support a sloping roof.
pitched
A building with a(n) ___________ will have a distictive curved roof.
bowstring truss roof
True/False
Aluminum is more expensive than, and not as strong as, steel.
TRUE
True/False
Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials.
TRUE
True/False
The structural components and building contents in Type III, Type IV, and Type V buildings will burn.
TRUE
True/False
Type V building construction provides the highest degree of safety.
FALSE
True/False
Aluminum floors are common in fire-resistive construction.
FALSE
True/False
The support systems for most flat roofs are constructed of aluminum.
FALSE
True/False
Trusses are used in support systems for both floors and roofs.
TRUE
True/False
Most doors are constructed of aluminum.
FALSE
True/False
Fire doors and fire windows are rated for a particular duration of fire resistance to a standard fire test.
TRUE
True/False
The entire structure of a manufactured (mobile) home can be destroyed by fire within a few minutes.
TRUE
An older type of wood frame construction in which the wall studs extend vertically from the basement of a structure to the roof without any fire stops.
Balloon-frame construction
A truss that is curved on the top and straight on the bottom.
Bowstring truss
The property describing whether a material will burn and how quickly it will burn.
Combustibility
Buildings constructed since about 1970 that incorporate lightweight construction techniques and engineered wood components. These buildings exhibit less resistance to fire than older buildings.
Contemporary construction
Nonbearing walls that separate the inside and outside of the building but are not part of the support structure for the building.
Curtain wall
Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the building including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment including the weight of cranes.
Dead load
A wall, other than a fire wall, having a fire resistance rating.
Fire barrier wall
Any combination of a fire door, a frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
Fire door assembly
The measure of the ability of a material, product, or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it.
Fire resistance
A horizontal or vertical fire resistance-rated assembly of materials that have protected openings and are designed to restrict the spread of fire.
Fire separation
A wall separating buildings or subdividing a building to prevent the spread of fire and having a fire-resistance rating and structural stability.
Fire wall
A window assembly rated in accordance with NFPA 257 and installed in accordance with NFPA 80.
Fire window
A horizontal roof; often found on commercial or industrial occupancies.
Flat roof
Thick pieces of glass that are similar to bricks or tiles.
Glass blocks
Connecting plate made of a thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of the truss.
Gusset plate
A naturally occurring material consisting of calcium sulfate and water molecules.
Gypsum
The generic name for a family of sheet products consisting of a noncombustible core primarily of gypsum with paper surfacing.
Gypsum board
A building that does not fit entirely into any of the five construction types because it incorporates building materials of more than one type.
Hybrid building
The exposed surfaces of walls, ceilings, and floors within buildings.
Interior finish
Safety glass; the lamination process places a thin layer of plastic between two layers of glass so that the glass does not shatter and fall apart when broken.
Laminated glass
Pieces of wood that are glued together.
Laminated wood
An older type of construction that used sawn lumber and was built before about 1970.
Legacy construction
The load produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure, which does not include construction or environmental loads such as wind load, snow load, rain load, earthquake load, flood load, or dead load. ____ ____s on a roof are those produced (1) during maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials and (2) during the life of the structure by moveable objects such as planters and by people.
Live load
A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight or any lateral load.
Load-bearing wall
A structure, transportable in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is 8 body-ft (2.4 m) or more in width or 40 body-ft (12.2 m) or more in length or, when erected on site, is 320 ft2 (29.7 m2) or more and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling, with or without a permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities, and includes plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein.
Manufactured (mobile) home
Built-up unit of construction or combination of materials such as clay, shale, concrete glass, gypsum, tile, or stone set in mortar.
Masonry
Any wall that is not a bearing wall.
Nonbearing wall
The purpose for which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used.
Occupancy
A truss in which the top and bottom chords are parallel.
Parallel chord truss
A wall constructed on the line between two properties.
Party wall
A type of truss typically used to support a sloping roof.
Pitched chord truss
A roof with sloping or inclined surfaces.
Pitched roof
Construction technique for building the frame of the structure one floor at a time. Each floor has a top and bottom plate that acts as a firestop.
Platform-frame construction
Joists that are mounted in an inclined position to support a roof.
Rafters
Chipping or pitting of concrete or masonry surfaces.
Spalling
A type of safety glass that is heat treated so that, under stress or fire, it will break into small pieces that are not as dangerous.
Tempered glass
A property that describes how quickly a material will conduct heat.
Thermal conductivity
Plastic material capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling and, that in the softened state, can be repeatedly shaped by molding or forming.
Thermoplastic material
Plastic material that, after having been cured by heat or other means, is substantially infusible and cannot be softened and formed.
Thermoset material
A collection of lightweight structural components joined in a triangular configuration that can be used to support either floors or roofs.
Truss
The type of construction in which the fire walls, structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials that have a specified fire resistance.
Type I construction (fire resistive)
The type of construction in which the fire walls, structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials without fire resistance.
Type II construction (noncombustible)
The type of construction in which exterior walls and structural elements that are portions of exterior walls are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials and in which fire walls, interior structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are entirely or partially of wood of smaller dimensions than required for Type IV construction or are of approved noncombustible, limited-combustible, or other approved combustible materials.
Type III construction (ordinary)
The type of construction in which fire walls, exterior walls, and interior bearing walls and structural elements that are portions of such walls are of approved noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. Other interior structural elements, arches, floors, and roofs are constructed of solid or laminated wood or cross-laminated timber without concealed spaces within allowable dimensions of the building code.
Type IV construction (heavy timber)
The type of construction in which structural elements, walls, arches, floors, and roofs are entirely or partially of wood or other approved material.
Type V construction (wood frame)
A glazing material with embedded wire mesh.
Wired glass
Load-bearing member assembled from individual wood components.
Wooden beam
An assembly of small pieces of wood or wood and metal.
Wood truss
