Chapter 32 Understanding the Hazards Flashcards
An infectious disease spread by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis; typically found around farms, infecting livestock.
Anthrax
Biological materials that are capable of causing acute disease or long-term damage to the human body.
Biological agents
Any packaging, including transport vehicles, having a liquid capacity of more than 119 gal (450 L), a solids capacity of more than 882 lbs, or a compressed gas water capacity of more than 1001 lbs. (NFPA 472)
Bulk packaging
The Canadian Transport Emergency Centre, operated by Transport Canada, that provides emergency response information and assistance on a 24-hour basis for responders to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incidents. (NFPA 1072)
Canadian Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC)
A container used for carrying fuels and mounted permanently or otherwise secured on a tank vehicle.
Cargo tank
A public service of the American Chemistry Council that provides emergency response information and assistance on a 24-hous basis for responders to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incidents. (NFPA 1072)
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEM-TREC)
A low-pressure tank designed to maintain the low temperature required by the cryogens it carries. A box-like structure containing the tank control valves is typically attached to the rear of the tanker.
Cryogenic liquid cargo tank (MC-338)
Trailers designed to carry dry bulk goods such as powders, pellets, fertilizers, or grain. Such tanks are generally V-shaped with rounded sides that funnel toward the bottom.
Dry bulk cargo trailers
The Emergency Transportation System for the Chemical Industry in Mexico that provides emergency response information and assistance on a 24-hour basis for responders to emergencies involving hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD). (NFPA 1072)
Emergency Transportation System for the Chemical Industry, Mexico (SETIQ)
Packaging used to transport materials that meets only general design requirements for any hazardous material. Low-level radioactive substances are commonly shipped in these packages, which may be constructed out of heavy cardboard.
Excepted packaging
Personnel trained to detect, identify, evaluate, render safe, recover, and dispose of unexploded explosive devices.
Explosive ordinance disposal (EOD) personnel
A tank that carries materials such as ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane. This type of tank is commonly constructed of steel and has rounded ends and a single open compartment inside. The liquid volume inside the tank varies, ranging from a 1000-gallon delivery truck to a full-size 11,000-gallon cargo tank.
High-pressure cargo tank (MC-331)
The time period between the initial infection by an organism and the development of symptoms by a victim.
Incubation period
Packaging used to transport materials that present a limited hazard to the public or the environment. Contaminated equipment is an example of environment. Contaminated equipment is an example of such material, because it contains a non-life-endangering amount of radioactivity. It is classified into three categories, based on the strength of the packaging.
Industrial packaging
Bulk containers that serve as both a shipping and storage vessel. Such tanks hold between 5000 and 6000 gallons of product and can be either pressurized or nonpressurized. They can be shipped by all modes of transportation—air, sea, or land.
Intermodel tanks
Railcars equipped with a tank that typically holds general industrial chemicals and consumer products such as corn syrup, flammable and combustible liquids, and mild corrosives.
Low-pressure tank cars
Such a vehicle typically carries between 6000 and 10,000 gallons of a product such as gasoline or other flammable and combustible materials. The tank is nonpressurized; also called non-pressure liquid cargo tank.
MC-306/DOT 406 cargo tank
A rounded or horseshoe-shaped tank capable of holding 6000 to 7000 gallons of flammable liquid, mild corrosives, and poisons. The tank has a high internal working pressure; also called low-pressure chemical cargo tank.
MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler
A tank that often carries aggressive (highly reactive) acids such as concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid. It is characterized by several heavy-duty reinforcing rings around the tank and holds approximately 6000 gallons of product.
MC-312/DOT 412 corrosive tank
Effects such as runny nose, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction, bronchial secretions, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Muscarinic effects
An agency maintained and staffed by the U.S. Coast Guard; it should always be notified if a hazard discharges into the environment.
National Response Center (NRC)
Any packaging having a liquid capacity of 119 gal (450 L) or less, a solids capacity of 882 lbs (400 kg) or less, or a compressed gas water capacity of 1001 lbs (454 kg) or less. (NFPA 472)
Non-bulk packaging
An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which is commonly found on rodents.
Plague
Railcars used to transport materials such as propane, ammonia, ethylene oxide, and chlorine.
Pressure tank cars
A device designed to spread radioactive material through a detonation of conventional explosives or other (non-nuclear) means; also referred to as a “dirty bomb.” (NFPA 472)
Radiation dispersal device (RDD)
Radiation associated with x-rays, alpha, beta, and gamma emissions from radioactive isotopes, or other materials in excess of normal background radiation levels. (NFPA 1951)
Radiological agents
Any device of structure that prevents environmental contamination when the primary container or its appurtenances fail. Examples of secondary containment mechanisms include dikes, curbing, and double-walled tanks.
Secondary containment
An explosive or incendiary device designed to harm emergency responders who have responded to an initial event.
Secondary device
A highly infectious disease caused by the variola virus.
Smallpox
A nerve gas that is both a contact and a vapor hazard; it has the odor of camphor.
Soman
Boxcars, flat cars, cryogenic tank cars, or corrosive tank cars.
Special-use railcars
A nerve agent that disables the chemical connections between nerves and targets organs.
Tabun
Trucks or semitrailers on which a number of very long compressed gas tubular cylinders have been mounted and manifolded into a common piping system. (NFPA 1)
Tube trailers
Packaging that is designed to protect its internal radiological contents during normal transportation and in the event of a minor accident.
Type A packaging
Packaging that is far more durable that Type A packaging and is designed to prevent a release of the radiological hazard in the case of extreme accidents during transportation. ____ _ containers must undergo a battery of tests including those involving heavy fire, pressure from submersion, and falls onto spikes and rocky surfaces.
Type B packaging
Packaging used when radioactive substances must be transported by air.
Type C packaging
A nerve agent, principally a contact hazard; an oily liquid that can persist for several weeks.
V-ageny (VX)
A terrorist threat requires fire fighters to work closely with
A. local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies.
B. emergency management agencies.
C. the military.
D. all the above
D. all the above
Bombing a store that sells fur coat’s would be an example of
A. ecoterrorism.
B. cyberterrorism.
C. agroterrorism.
D. religious terrorism.
A. ecoterrorism.
Disrupting or deleting government or banking computer systems is an example of
A. ecoterrorism.
B. cyberterrorism.
C. agroterrorism.
D. religious terrorism.
B. cyberterrorism.
Attacking a food industry or supply is an example
A. ecoterrorism.
B. cyberterrorism.
C. agroterrorism.
D. religious terrorism.
C. agroterrorism.
An IED is an explosive device that is contained in a package. IED is an acronym for
A. improvised explosive device.
B. internal explosive device.
C. imploding explosive device.
D. illuminating explosive device.
A. improvised explosive device.
At an incident where there is potential terrorist or secondary device activity, the fire department should be part of a joint command structure commonly referred to as
A. a team command.
B. an emergency response team.
C. a unified command.
D. a united command.
C. a unified command.
During a bomb disposal, where does the rapid intervention team stand by to provide immediate assistance?
A. Bomb disposal containment area
B. Forward staging area
C. Incident command center
D. Response area
B. Forward staging area
Before anyone is allowed to enter a building involved in an explosion, what must happen?
A. The utilities must be disconnected.
B. All emergency response teams must arrive.
C. Team members must review preincident plans.
D. The stability of the building must be evaluated.
D. The stability of the building must be evaluated.
Many of the chemicals classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are
A. expensive.
B. easy to obtain.
C. restricted under the Anti-terrorist Act.
D. kept away from ordinary citizen contact.
B. easy to obtain.
Which name is given to the time period between the actual infection and the appearance of symptoms?
A. Growth period.
B. Dispersing period.
C. Incubation period.
D. Implementation period.
C. Incubation period.
What are the three types of radiation?
A. Internal, external, and dispersement
B. Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
C. Alpha, beta, and gamma particles
D. Alpha particles, beta particles, and sigma rays
B. Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
What are the three types of radiation?
A. Internal, external, and dispersement
B. Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
C. Alpha, beta, and gamma particles
D. Alpha particles, beta particles, and sigma rays
C. Alpha, beta, and gamma particles
For what purpose is a personal dosimeter used?
A. To record personal exposure to contaminants
B. To document personal exposure to contaminants
C. To measure the amount of radioactive exposure
D. To measure the active agents in the area
D. To measure the active agents in the area
Fire fighters responding to a potential or known terrorist incident should use the same approach as they would a(n)
A. structural fire.
B. EMS incident.
C. rescue incident.
D. hazardous materials incident.
A. structural fire.
Fire fighters and emergency responders must remember that a terrorist incident is also a(n)
A. crime scene.
B. opportunity to improve working relations between departments.
C. implementation of advanced rescue techniques.
D. all of the above
C. implementation of advanced rescue techniques.
___________ can be described as the unlawful use of violence or threats of violence to intimidate or coerce a person or group to further political or social objectives.
Terrorism
The most common improvised explosive device is the ________.
pipe bomb
_________ are toxic substances used to attack the central nervous system and were first developed in Germany before World War II.
Nerve agents
________ is a mnemonic used to remember the symptoms of possible nerve agent exposure.
SLUDGE
The most common dispersal method for chemical agents is ___________.
air flow
The time period between the actual infection and the appearance of symptoms is known as the _______.
incubation period
_______ release energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or energy that cannot be detected by the senses.
Radioactive materials
Decontamination should occur as soon as possible to prevent further ________ of a contaminant and to reduce the possibility of spreading the contamination.
absorption
Decontamination of a large number of victims or emergency responders is referred to as _______.
mass decontamination
If contamination is suspected, a plan must ensure that it does not spread beyond a(n) ________.
defined perimeter
True/False
Anthrax and the plague are examples of nerve agents
False
True/False
Emergency responders are decontaminated after they leave the contaminated area.
False
True/False
Gamma rays are the least harmful of the three types of radiation.
False
True/False
Beta particles are also active nerve agents.
False
True/False
A personal dosimeter is used to measure the amount of radioactive exposure.
True
True/False
Soman is a highly infectious disease that kills approximately 30 percent of those infected with it.
False
True/False
Universal precautions must be enacted during acts of cyberterrorism.
False
True/False
Fire fighters must become familiar with potential terrorist targets and actions because they are often involved in the initial response and handling of a terrorist incident.
True
True/False
The first emergency response units to arrive should establish an outer perimeter to control access to and from the scene.
True
True/False
Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause vomiting and digestive system damage within a short time.
True
