Chapter 14 Water Supply Systems Flashcards
The smallest-diameter underground water main pipes in a water distribution system that deliver water to local users within a neighborhood.
Distributors
A type of hydrant used in areas subject to freezing weather. The valve that allows water to flow into the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is normally dry.
Dry-barrel hydrant (frostproof hydrant)
An arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water supply for firefighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of a fire department pump.
Dry hydrant
A large opening from the water tank of a mobile water supply apparatus for unloading purposes.
Dump valve
An above-ground water storage tank that is designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.
Elevated water storage tower
The amount of pressure created by gravity. Also known as head pressure.
Elevation pressure
The physical science of how water flows through a pipe or hose.
Fire hydraulics
The reduction in pressure resulting from the water being in contact with the side of the hose. This contact requires force to overcome the drag that the wall of the hose creates.
Friction loss
A water distribution system that depends on gravity to provide the required pressure. The system storage is usually located at a higher elevation than the end users of the water.
Gravity-feed system
The energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion.
Kinetic energy
A vehicle designed primarily for transporting (pickup, transporting, and delivering) water to fire emergency scenes to be applied by other vehicles or pumping equipment.
Mobile water supply apparatus
A system having water pipes servicing fire hydrants and designed to furnish, over and above domestic consumption, a minimum of 250 gpm (946 L/min) at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure for a 2-hour duration.
Municipal-type water system
The observed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal demand.
Normal operating pressure
A type of gauge that is used to measure the velocity pressure of water that is being discharged from an opening. It is used to determine the flow of water from a hydrant or nozzle.
Pitot gauge
Folding or collapsible tanks that are used at the fire scene to hole water for drafting.
Portable tanks
The energy that an object has stored up as a result of its position or condition. A raised weight and a coiled spring have _________ ______.
Potential energy
The largest-diameter water main pipes in a water distribution system that carry the greatest amounts of water.
Primary feeders
A privately owned water system that operates separately from the municipal water system.
Private water system
A water storage facility.
Reservoir
The pressure that exists in the distribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.
Residual pressure
Smaller-diameter water main pipes in the water distribution system conditions measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing.
Secondary feeders
Any valve that can be used to shut down water flow to a water user or system.
Shut-off valve
A water source such as a pond, river, stream, or other body of water that is not under pressure.
Static water source
The large-diameter port on a fire hydrant.
Steamer port
The quantity of water flowing; usually measured in gallons (liters) per minute.
Volume
The amount of water flowing through pipes, hose, and fittings, usually expressed in gallons (liters) per minute (gpm or L/min).
Water flow
The surge of pressure that occurs when a high-velocity flow of water is abruptly shut off. The pressure exerted by the flowing water against the closed system can be seven or more times that of the static pressure.
Water hammer
A generic term for any underground water pipe.
Water main
The application of force by one object against another. When water is forced through the distribution system, it creates _____ ________.
Water pressure
A method of transporting water from a source to a fire scene using a number of mobile water supply apparatus.
Water shuttle operations
A source of water for firefighting activities.
Water supply
A hydrant used in areas that are not susceptible to freezing. The barrel of the hydrant is normally filled with water.
Wet-barrel hydrant