Chapter 14 Water Supply Systems Flashcards
The smallest-diameter underground water main pipes in a water distribution system that deliver water to local users within a neighborhood.
Distributors
A type of hydrant used in areas subject to freezing weather. The valve that allows water to flow into the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is normally dry.
Dry-barrel hydrant (frostproof hydrant)
An arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water supply for firefighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of a fire department pump.
Dry hydrant
A large opening from the water tank of a mobile water supply apparatus for unloading purposes.
Dump valve
An above-ground water storage tank that is designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.
Elevated water storage tower
The amount of pressure created by gravity. Also known as head pressure.
Elevation pressure
The physical science of how water flows through a pipe or hose.
Fire hydraulics
The reduction in pressure resulting from the water being in contact with the side of the hose. This contact requires force to overcome the drag that the wall of the hose creates.
Friction loss
A water distribution system that depends on gravity to provide the required pressure. The system storage is usually located at a higher elevation than the end users of the water.
Gravity-feed system
The energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion.
Kinetic energy
A vehicle designed primarily for transporting (pickup, transporting, and delivering) water to fire emergency scenes to be applied by other vehicles or pumping equipment.
Mobile water supply apparatus
A system having water pipes servicing fire hydrants and designed to furnish, over and above domestic consumption, a minimum of 250 gpm (946 L/min) at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure for a 2-hour duration.
Municipal-type water system
The observed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal demand.
Normal operating pressure
A type of gauge that is used to measure the velocity pressure of water that is being discharged from an opening. It is used to determine the flow of water from a hydrant or nozzle.
Pitot gauge
Folding or collapsible tanks that are used at the fire scene to hole water for drafting.
Portable tanks
The energy that an object has stored up as a result of its position or condition. A raised weight and a coiled spring have _________ ______.
Potential energy
The largest-diameter water main pipes in a water distribution system that carry the greatest amounts of water.
Primary feeders
A privately owned water system that operates separately from the municipal water system.
Private water system
A water storage facility.
Reservoir
The pressure that exists in the distribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.
Residual pressure
Smaller-diameter water main pipes in the water distribution system conditions measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing.
Secondary feeders
Any valve that can be used to shut down water flow to a water user or system.
Shut-off valve
A water source such as a pond, river, stream, or other body of water that is not under pressure.
Static water source
The large-diameter port on a fire hydrant.
Steamer port
The quantity of water flowing; usually measured in gallons (liters) per minute.
Volume
The amount of water flowing through pipes, hose, and fittings, usually expressed in gallons (liters) per minute (gpm or L/min).
Water flow
The surge of pressure that occurs when a high-velocity flow of water is abruptly shut off. The pressure exerted by the flowing water against the closed system can be seven or more times that of the static pressure.
Water hammer
A generic term for any underground water pipe.
Water main
The application of force by one object against another. When water is forced through the distribution system, it creates _____ ________.
Water pressure
A method of transporting water from a source to a fire scene using a number of mobile water supply apparatus.
Water shuttle operations
A source of water for firefighting activities.
Water supply
A hydrant used in areas that are not susceptible to freezing. The barrel of the hydrant is normally filled with water.
Wet-barrel hydrant
The water source, treatment plant, and distribution system are pans of a
A. municipal water system.
B. private water system.
C. static water source.
D. reservoir.
A. municipal water system.
The distribution system of underground pipes is known as
A. reservoirs.
B. piping.
C. water mains.
D. water traf fic.
C. water mains.
What is the recommended minimum water pressure from a fire hydrant?
A. 10 psi
B. 20 psi
C. 40 psi
D. 60 psi
B. 20 psi
The smallest pipes in a water distribution system that carry the water to the users and hydrants are the
A. primary feeders
B. secondary feeders
C. water mains
D. distributors
D. distributors
The pipes that deliver large quantities of water to a section of town or city are the
A. primary feeders
B. secondary feeders
C. direct mains
D. distributors
A. primary feeders
The size of water mains depends on the amount of water needed for both normal consumption and
A. heavy consumption
B. Extended delays
C. fire protection
D. business operations
C. fire protection
To assure that water flows to a fire hydrant from two or more directions, well-designed systems follow a
A. mixed pattern
B. multi-port pattern
C. grid pattern
D. center pattern
C. grid pattern
Fire Department hoses can be connected to a hydrant by the
A. valves
B. outlets
C. ports
D. taps
B. outlets
A large opening on a firt hydrant that is used to allow as much water as possible to flow directly into the point is a(n)
A. outlet
B. steamer port
C. valve
D. drain
B. steamer port
Most dry-barrel hydrants have _________ large valve(s) controlling the flow of water
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
A. one
What are the first factors to check when inspecting hydrants?
A . Stability and structural integrity
B. Visability and structural integrity
C. Visability and accessibility
D. Stability and component location
C. Visability and accessibility
Hydrants should be positioned so that the connections and espescially the large steamer connection,
A. are parallel to the water system.
B. will not be damaged by passing traffic.
C. are near waste storage areas.
D. face the street.
D. face the street.
The now or quanmy of water moving throug a pipe, hose, or nozzle is measured by
A. volume.
B. area.
C. weight.
D. mass.
A. volume.
Which unit is used to measure water pressure ?
A. Gallons
B. Gallons per square inch
C. Pounds per square inch
D. Pounds
C. Pounds per square inch
Water that is not moving has
A. elevation pressure.
B. static pressure.
C. residual pressure.
D. potential pressure.
B. static pressure.
What is the best indication of how much more water is available in the system?
A. The elevation pressure
B. The static pressure
C. The residual pressure
D. The potenual pressure
C. The residual pressure
The quantity of water flowing through an opening during a hydrant test is the
A. residual pressure.
B. flow pressure.
C. normal operating pressure.
D. elevation pressure.
B. flow pressure.
Which type of hydrant includes a pipe with a strainer on one end and a cap threaded for a hard suction hose on the other end that can be used to access static water sources?
A. Dry hydrant
B. Wet hydrant
C. Static hydrant
D. Straining hydrant
A. Dry hydrant
If a large volume of water is needed for an extended period, tankers can be used to deliver water from a fill site to the scene, thereby creating:
A. a mobile water system.
B. portable tanks.
C. a mobile water supply apparatus.
D. a tanker shuttle.
D. a tanker shuttle.
Which type of system may not require pumps because the water source, the treatment plant, and storage facilities are located on ground higher than the end users?
A. Gravity-feed system
B. Wet hydrant system
C. Tanker shuule system
D. Static system
A. Gravity-feed system
The importance of a dependable and adequate ______ for fire-suppression operations is self-evident.
water supply
Rural areas may depend on _______ such as lakes and streams.
static water supplies
Municipal water systems can draw water from human-made storage facilities called _________ .
reservoirs
_______ valves allow different water main sections to be turned off or isolated.
Control
Hydrants are equipped with one or more _______ to control the flow of water through the hydrant.
valves
Most hydrants have an upright steel casing or _________ that is attached to the underground water distribution system.
barrel
Dry-barrel hydrants need to be either _______ opened or _______ closed.
fully, fully
In many communities. hydrants are painted in bright reflective colors for increased _________ .
visibility
The flow or quantity of water moving through a pipe is measured by its _______ , usually in gallons per minute.
volume
Water that is not moving has ______ energy.
potential
Elevation pressure can be created by ______ .
gravity
Water can be transported through long hose lines, pumper relays, or _______ water supply tankers.
mobile
True/False
The basic plan for fighting most fires depends on having an adequate supply or water.
True
True/False
The backup water supply for some municipal systems can be large enough to store enough water for several months or years or municipal use.
True
True/False
Generally, water pressure ranges from 40 psi to 60 psi at the delivery point.
False
True/False
Elevated water storage towers are used to increase the efficiency or treatment facilities
False
True/False
The water department can often increase the flow or water within the system or to specific areas.
True
True/False
When the hydrant valve is opened, the drain closes in a dry-barrel hydrant.
True
True/False
All fire fighters must understand how to inspect and maintain a fire hydrant.
True
True/False
Volume and water pressure are synonymous.
False
True/False
Residual pressure is the amount or pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing.
True
True/False
The Pilot gauge is used to measure the quantity or water flowing through an opening during a hydrant test.
True
Standard for the “Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances”
NFPA 24
Standard on “Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting”
NFPA 1142
What is the color of a hydrant that is a Class C (Less than 500 GPM)?
Red
What is the color of a hydrant that is a Class B (flowing 500-999 GPM)?
Orange
What is the color of a hydrant that is a Class A (flowing 1000-1499 GPM)?
Green
What is the color of a hydrant that is a Class AA (flowing 1500 GPM and higher)?
Light Blue
