Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Firefighter Academy > Chapter 28 Fire Origin and Cause > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Fire Origin and Cause Flashcards

1
Q

Fires for which the cause does not involve a human act with the intent to ignite or spread a fire.

A

Accidental fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Firesetters who are typically 14 to 16 years old and may exhibit serious emotional or psychological symptoms such as extreme stress or anger. Target buildings include schools, churches, outbuildings, vacant homes, and vacant lots.

A

Adolescent firesetters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The systematic evaluation of the electrical circuit configuration, spatial relationship of the circuit components, and identification of electrical arc sites to assist in the identification of the area of origin and analysis of the fire’s spread.

A

Arc mapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The crime of maliciously and intentionally, or recklessly, starting a fire or causing an explosion.

A

Arson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Laws that generally require private investigators to provide information regarding possible criminal activity upon the written request of the authority having jurisdiction. These laws also provide immunity from liability for disclosing such information as provided for by the law.

A

Arson reporting immunity laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The trail of accountability that documents the possession of evidence in an investigation.

A

Child firesetters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evidence that is based on logical inference rather than personal observation.

A

Circumstantial evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An ignition source that has sufficient energy and is capable of transferring that energy to the fuel long enough to raise the fuel to its ignition temperature.

A

Competent ignition source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Any type of tangible evidence relevant to a case, such as diagrams, photographs, maps, x-rays, visible tests, and demonstrations.

A

Demonstrative evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A fire effect that, when evaluated as a pattern on identical fuels, may be used to determine locations within a structure that were exposed longest to a heat source.

A

Depth of char

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An investigation that uses the methodical deconstruction of evidence to determine specific component conditions, functionality, or failures as they relate to fire investigation.

A

Destructive analysis investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Testimony of witnesses who observe acts or detect something through their five senses or through surveillance equipment such as CCTV.

A

Direct evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Any type of written record or document that is relevant to the case.

A

Documentary evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A legal condition that allows emergency service providers to enter, search, seize, and control private property and to investigate the cause of a fire without consent or warrant while in the lawful performance of emergency operations.

A

Exigent circumstances rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any preconceived determination or premature conclusions as to the cause of a fire without having examined or considered all relevant evidence.

A

Expectation bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The observable or measurable changes in or on a material as a result of a fire.

A

Fire effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The visible or measurable physical changes, or identifiable shapes, formed by a fire effect or group of fire effects.

A

Fire patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Any liquid or the liquid phase of any material that is capable of fueling a fire, including a flammable liquid, combustible liquid, or any other material that can be liquified and burned.

A

Ignitable liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A device or mechanism used to initiate an incendiary fire or explosion.

A

Incendiary device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A fire that is intentionally ignited in an area or under circumstances where and when there should not be a fire.

A

Incendiary fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Firesetters who are typically 7 to 13 years old and often suffer from emotional or psychological problems. ________ ___________ often ignite fires in or around their own homes or schools.

A

Juvenile firesetters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A person who sets three or more fires at the same site or location during a limited period of time.

A

Mass arsonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A fire caused without direct human intervention or action, such as fire resulting from lightning, an earthquake, or wind.

A

Natural fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A physical or tangible item that proves or disproves a particular fact or issue; also referred to as real evidence.

A

Physical evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The exact physical location within the area of origin where a heat source and a fuel first interact, resulting in a fire or explosion.

A

Point of origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A legal authority based on the Tenth Amendment that grants state (and local) authorities the authority to establish and enforce laws protecting the greater good of the community.

A

Police powers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A hypothesis determined to have less than 50% probability of being true.

A

Possible cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A hypothesis determined to have greater than 50% probability of being true.

A

Probable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and definition of a problem; the collection of data through observation and experimentation; analysis of the data; the formulation, evaluation, and testing of hypotheses; and, where possible, the selection of a final hypothesis.

A

Scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A person who sets three or more fires with a cooling-off period between fires.

A

Serial arsonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Loss, destruction, or material alteration of an object or document that is evidence or potential evidence in a legal proceeding by one who has the responsibility for its preservation.

A

Spoliation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A person who sets three or more fires at separate locations with no emotional cooling-off period between fires.

A

Spree arsonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Verbal testimony of a witness given under oath in court or during specific legal proceedings.

A

Testimonial evidence

34
Q

Solid or liquid fuel used to intentionally spread or accelerate the spread of a fire from one area to another.

A

Trailers

35
Q

A classification of fire when the cause cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty.

A

Undetermined fire

36
Q

Recognized classifications of minors who ignite fires for various reasons. Based on age and specific psychological characteristics, youth firesetters include child firesetters, juvenile firesetters, and adolescent firesetters.

A

Youth firesetters

37
Q

In most jurisdictions, the _______ determines the cause of a fire.

A. law enforcement agency
B. chief of the fire department
C. property owner
D. fire investigator

A

B. chief of the fire department

38
Q

An arson investigation must determine not only who was responsible for starting the fire, but also

A. why the person started the fire.
B. when the person started the fire.
C. the property damage caused by the fire.
D. the cause and origin of the fire.

A

D. the cause and origin of the fire.

39
Q

The cause of a fire can be classified as either incendiary or

A. malicious intent.
B. criminal intent.
C. undetermined.
D. accidental.

A

D. accidental.

40
Q

Most fires, fire deaths, and injuries occur in

A. residential occupancies.
B. industrial settings.
C. small businesses.
D. gas or fueling stations.

A

A. residential occupancies.

41
Q

One of the first steps in a fire investigation is identifying the

A. fuel supply.
B. accelerants.
C. point of origin.
D. evidence.

A

C. point of origin.

42
Q

A charred V-pattern on a wall indicates that fire spread

A. along the floor before reaching the wall.
B. up and out from an unknown material at the base of the V
C. along the ceiling before reaching the wall.
D. slowly.

A

B. up and out from an unknown material at the base of the V

43
Q

An inverted V-pattern on a wall indicates that

A. a flammable liquid was used to start the fire.
B. there was a wide point of origin for the fire.
C. the fire began on the ceiling.
D. there was a flashover.

A

A. a flammable liquid was used to start the fire.

44
Q

The process of carefully looking for evidence within the debris is refer red to as

A. layering.
B. overhaul.
C. evidence recovery.
D. digging out.

A

D. digging out.

45
Q

Which type of evidence can be used to prove a theory, based on facts that were observed first-hand?

A. Demonstrative evidence
B. Trace evidence
C. Circumstantial evidence
D. Physical evidence

A

C. Circumstantial evidence

46
Q

“Chain of custody” is a legal term that describes the process of maintaining continuous possession and control of evidence from

A. the time it is discovered until it is presented m court.
B. investigator to incident commander.
C. investigator to law enforcement agency.
D. discovery to isolation.

A

A. the time it is discovered until it is presented m court.

47
Q

If a fire intensifies in a short period of time, it may indicate

A. poor dispatch information.
B. the use of an accelerant.
C. extreme weather conditions.
D. multiple points of origin.

A

B. the use of an accelerant.

48
Q

An accelerant may have been used if the fire _______ when water is applied.

A. spreads
B. grows
C. is extinguished
D. rekindles

A

D. rekindles

49
Q

What might charring on the underside of a low horizontal surface, such as a tabletop, indicate?

A. The fire’s point of origin was on top of the surface.
B. The fire was accidental.
C. There was a pool of a flammable liquid.
D. The fire started from a cigarette butt.

A

C. There was a pool of a flammable liquid.

50
Q

The fire department’s authority over an incident ends when

A. the property is formally released to the property owner.
B. the property is under the investigator’s supervision.
C. any criminal or malicious intent regarding the fire’s origin is ruled out.
D. the property is secured and no hazards to public safety exist.

A

A. the property is formally released to the property owner.

51
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe a device or mechanism that is used to start a fire?

A. Arsonist device
B. Incendiary device
C. Accelerant
D. Trailer

A

B. Incendiary device

52
Q

A pyromaniac is a pathological fire-setter who is often a(n)

A. juvenile male.
B. adolescent female.
C. adult female.
D. adult male.

A

D. adult male.

53
Q

Preadolescent male fi re-starters are most often motivated to start fires by

A. a need for attention.
B. curiosity.
C. revenge.
D. excitement.

A

C. revenge.

54
Q

An arsonist who sets three or more fires at separate locations with no emotional cooling-off period between fires is called a

A. spree arsonist.
B. serial arsonist.
C. mass arsonist.
D. motivated arsonist.

A

A. spree arsonist.

55
Q

An arsonist who sets three or more fires, with a cooling-off period between fires, is called a

A. spree arsonist.
B. serial arsonist.
C. mass arsonist.
D. motivated arsonist.

A

B. serial arsonist.

56
Q

An arsonist who sets three or more fires at the same site or location during a limited period of time is called a

A. spree arsonist.
B. serial arsonist.
C. mass arsonist.
D. motivated arsonist.

A

C. mass arsonist.

57
Q

Insurance companies often investigate fires to determine the _______ of a claim.

A

validity

58
Q

A fire investigation can provide many ______, even if the specific cause and origin are never determined.

A

lessons

59
Q

At the point or origin, an ignition source comes into contact with a(n) __________.

A

fuel supply

60
Q

The fire investigation process usually begins with an examination or the building’s __________.

A

exterior

61
Q

Smoke residue and _______ patterns can be helpful in identifying the point or origin.

A

burn

62
Q

Anything that can be used to validate a theory is ____ __ evidence.

A

demonstrative

63
Q

Evidence should not be ______ or altered from its original state in any way.

A

contaminated

64
Q

Until the fire is under control, fire fighters must concentrate on fighting the fire and ________ investigating the cause.

A

not

65
Q

What a fire fighter _______ during an incident could be significant in an investigation of an incident.

A

observes

66
Q

The ________ of any victims found in the building should be noted.

A

location

67
Q

An arsonist may place ______ to hinder the efforts or fire righters.

A

obstacles

68
Q

_______ removed from any victim should be preserved as evidence.

A

Clothing

69
Q

True/False

A cause-and-origin investigation determines where, why, and how a fire originated.

A

True

70
Q

True/False

A fire can be caused by an act or by an omission.

A

True

71
Q

True/False

The most important reason for investigating accidental fires is to identify the causes.

A

False

72
Q

True/False

Charring is usually deepest on the edges of the object.

A

False

73
Q

True/False

Evidence is most often found during the size-up phase of a fire.

A

False

74
Q

True/False

To avoid contaminating evidence, fire investigators always wash their tools between taking samples.

A

True

75
Q

True/False

Only one person should be responsible for collecting and taking custody of all evidence at a fire scene.

A

True

76
Q

True/False

For most fire fighters, “The fire is under investigation” is the best reply to any questions concerning the cause of the fire.

A

True

77
Q

True/False

The appearance and behavior of people at the scene of a fire can provide valuable clues.

A

True

78
Q

True/False

Arsonists often open the shades and windows of structures they burn.

A

False

79
Q

True/False

The color of the smoke often indicates what is burning.

A

True

80
Q

True/False

To assist with evidence collection, burned materials should be thrown into a pile.

A

False

Firefighter Academy (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions