Chapter 35 Hazardous Materials Responder Health and Safety Flashcards
The creation of energy through the breakdown of nutrients in the presence of oxygen. The by-products are carbon dioxide and water, which the body disposes of by breathing and sweating.
Aerobic metabolism
The creation of energy through the breakdown of glucose. Without oxygen, this metabolic breakdown of glucose. Without oxygen, this metabolic process results in the production of lactic acid.
Anaerobic metabolism
Reagent-filled tubes designed to draw in a sample of air by way of a manual handheld pump. The reagent will undergo a color change when exposed to the contaminant it is intended to detect.
Colorimetric tubes
Found in the mitochondria, this is important in cell respiration as an agent of electron transfer from certain cytochrome molecules to oxygen molecules.
Cytochrome oxidase
A state of inadequate oxygenation of the blood and tissue sufficient to cause impairment of function. (NFPA 99)
Hypoxia
Formed by a change in the iron atom in hemoglobin from the ferrous (+2) to the ferric state (+3). It’s normal to have a small amount of methemoglobin in the blood, but substances such as nitrates and nitrile-containing substances convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function as an oxygen carrier.
Methemoglobin
Responsible for converting nutrients into energy, yielding molecules at adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fuel the cell’s activities.
Mitochondria
A sensor that uses ultraviolet light to ionize the gases that move through the sensor; available as a stand-alone unit or may be incorporated into a multi-gas meter.
Photoionization detector (PID)
A group of substances that occurs naturally in materials such as coal or crude oil. These substances also are generated during the combustion of organic materials and can be found in vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, and the smoke generated from structure fires, vehicle fires, wildland fires, or any other type of fire. ___ can exist as a particle or gas.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
A process in which material is decomposed, or broken down, into simpler molecular compounds by the effects of heat alone, _________ often precedes combustion. (NFPA 921)
Pyrolysis
Oxygen-carrying cells found in mammals. They contain hemoglobin.
Red blood cells
The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. (NFPA 1404)
Smoke
What is the situation called when a contaminated person comes into contact with another person or object?
A. Cross-contamination
B. Dispersion
C. Transference
D. Integration
A. Cross-contamination
Which agency is responsible for governing the disposal of absorbent materials?
A. Fire Department
B. Government
C. Department of Transportation
D. Emergency Response Team
B. Government
Which method of decontamination is used during incidents involving unknown agents and large groups of people?
A. Emergency decontamination
B. Group decontamination
C. Gross decontamination
D. Mass decontamination
D. Mass decontamination
Which decontamination procedure mixes a spongy material with a liquid hazardous material?
A. Absorption
B. Adsorption
C. Dilution
D. Vapor dispersal
A. Absorption
Which of the following is a two-step removal process for items that cannot be properly decontaminated?
A. Disinfection
B. Solidification
C. Disposal
D. Rapid mass decontamination
C. Disposal
During decontamination, what is usually the last item of clothing removed?
A. Shoes
B. SCBA mask
C. Inner gloves
D. Face shield
B. SCBA mask
Removed equipment should be placed
A. on the contaminated side of the corridor.
B. in the hot zone.
C. in the cold zone.
D. in the hazardous materials truck.
A. on the contaminated side of the corridor.
After personnel are thoroughly decontaminated, they should proceed to
A. the rehabilitation area.
B. EMS personnel.
C. the incident commander.
D. the Operations section.
B. EMS personnel
All personal clothing should be
A. diluted.
B. solidified.
C. bagged and tagged.
D. burned.
C. bagged and tagged
Hazardous materials that have been emulsified should be
A. diluted.
B. solidified .
C. bagged and tagged.
D. burned.
D. burned
The __________ is a controlled area, usually within the warm zone, where decontamination procedures take place.
decontamination corridor
During gross decontamination, runoff water should be controlled because it is likely to contain ________.
contaminants
The process of separating and diminishing harmful vapors is known as _________.
vapor dispersion
The mode of decontamination that applies specifically to contaminated soil that can be taken away from the scene is called _________.
removal
Fire fighters tend to use _______ as the first decontamination method.
dilution
A water spray is commonly used to _______ vapors.
disperse
The opposite of absorption is ________.
adsorption
_______ is performed after gross decontamination and is a more thorough cleaning process.
Technical decontamination
Do not allow the water runoff from emergency decontamination to now into _________, _________, or ________.
drains, streams, ponds
Whenever possible, _______ the hazardous material before beginning decontamination.
identify
True/False
Emergency medical responders are responsible for establishing a decontamination corridor for the initial emergency response crews and victims.
False
True/False
During gross decontamination, hospital staff use low-pressure, high-volume water flow to rinse off and dilute contaminants.
False
True/False
Vacuuming is the removal of dusts, particles, and some liquids by sucking them into a container.
True
True/False
Personnel leaving the hot zone should place used tools in a tool drop area near the decontamination corridor.
True
True/False
Contact lenses can trap contaminants and need to be removed during decontamination.
True
