Chapter 6 Bone Physiology Flashcards
Place where all blood cells are made
Red bone marrow
Place in bone where fat is stored
Yellow bone marrow
Minerals found in bone
Calcium phosphorus etc.
Shaft of long bones
Diaphysis
End of a long bone closer to the trunk of the body
Proximal epiphysis
Ends of long bones
Epiphyses
Dense irregular tissue that covers bones
Periosteum
Cavity in the shaft of long bones
Medullary or marrow cavity
Type of cartilage found in articular cartilage
hyaline
Type of cartilage found an epiphyseal plate
hyaline
Growth plate in long bones
Epiphyseal plate
Layer of periosteum that contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Osteogenic layer (cellular layer)
Two layers of periosteum
Osteogenic and fibrous layer
Tissue found in the fibrous layer of periosteum
Dense irregular
Collagen fibers that attach to periosteum to bone
Sharpey fibers
Dense irregular connective tissue that connects bone to bone
ligament
Dense regular tissue that connects muscle to bone
Tendon
Bone eating cell
osteoclast
Inorganic ground substance of bone
Calcium salts
Organic portion of bone matrix
Collagen fibers
Property given to the bone by collagen fibers
Flexibility
Property given to the bone by calcium salts
Hardness
Bone stem cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Cells that create bone matrix
Osteoblast
Two major types of bone
Spongy bone and compact bone
Carries blood vessels through the long axis of long bone
Haversian Canal
Carry blood vessels perpendicular to the axis of a long bone
Volkmann canal
Spaces in bone that contain osteocytes
Lacunae
Small spaces (canals) that connect lacuna with the Haversian canal
Canaliculi
Rings around the Haversian canal seen in compact bone
Lamellae
Part of long bone comprised of compact bone
Diaphysis
Thin branching networks seen in spongy bone
Trabeculae
Type of bone that has osteons
Compact bone
Unit of compact bone
Osteon
Layer of osteoblasts and osteoclasts found inside the marrow cavity
Endosteum
Place where bone grows in length
Epiphyseal plate
Place where bone grows in width
Periosteum (endosteum)
Growth on the surface of bone
Appositional growth
Growth within the middle of a tissue (such as in cartilage)
Interstitial growth
Formation of bone tissue
Ossification
Growth of bone tissue within a cartilage precursor
Endochondral ossification
Growth of bone tissue within a fibrous precursor
Intramembranous ossification
Dense irregular tissue where intramembranous ossification has not yet occurred on the skull (soft spot)
Fontanel
Location of the primary ossification center in endochondral ossification
Middle of diaphysis
Location of Secondary Ossification center in endochondral ossification
Epiphyses
Type of bones undergoing endochondral ossification
Most long bones
Types of bones undergoing intramembranous ossification
Cranium clavicle
Hormone that increases calcium levels in the blood
Parathyroid hormone
Hormone that activates osteoblast
Calcitonin
Hormone that activates osteoclast
Parathyroid hormone
Hormone that decreases calcium levels in the blood
Calcitonin
Where is calcitonin made
Thyroid gland
First stage of bone repair
Hematoma
Type of bone that is formed first during fracture repair
Spongy bone
Name for the layer of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone layers in flat bones
Dipole
Epiphyseal plate that has completely ossified
Epiphyseal line
A fracture with the skin remains in tact
Simple fracture
A fracture in children where one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
Greenstick fracture
Distal radius fracture caused by fall onto wrist
Colles fracture
Fracture where bone protrudes through skin
Compound fracture
Condition caused by loss of bone matrix
Osteoporosis
Bone tissue is derived from this embryonic tissue
Mesenchyme
Cartilage is derived from this embryonic tissue
Mesenchyme
