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A&P > Chapter 12 Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Organ of the CNS found in the spinal cavity

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

Organ of the CNS found in the cranial cavity

A

Brain

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3
Q

Major organs found in the PNS

A

Nerves

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4
Q

A sensory impulse moving toward the CNS is referred to with this word

A

Afferent

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5
Q

A motor impulses moving away from the CNS is referred to with this word

A

Efferent

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6
Q

Nervous system that innervates smooth muscle, glands, and cardiac muscle

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

Tissues innervated by the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

The CNSneuroglial cell that can phagocytize

A

Microgila

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9
Q

the CNS neuroglial cell that helps control levels of K+ in the brain

A

astrocyte

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10
Q

the neuroglial CNS cell that only allows fat-soluble substances to leave the blood and enter the brain

A

astrocyte

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11
Q

the neuroglial CNS cell that can help metabolize certain neurotransmitters

A

astrocyte

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12
Q

neuroglial cell in the CNS that makes myelin

A

oligodendrocyte

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13
Q

neuroglial cell in the CNS that lines spaces within the brain

A

ependymal

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14
Q

major type of fat found in the myelin sheath

A

phospholipid

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15
Q

neuroglial cell in PNS that makes myelin

A

Schwann cell

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16
Q

nucleated, cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cell

A

neurilemma

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17
Q

another name for the cell body of neuron

A

perikaryon, soma

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18
Q

extension of neuron that brings impulses to the cell body of the neuron

A

dendrite

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19
Q

extension of neuron that takes impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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20
Q

rough ER in the perikaryon of a neuron goes by this name

A

Nissl bodies

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21
Q

gaps in the myelin sheath where action potential occurs in a neuron

A

nodes of Ranvier

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22
Q

part of the neuron where the axon potential begins

A

axon hillock

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23
Q

a neuron with more than two extensions off of the soma

A

multipolar neuron

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24
Q

term used to describe a bundle of axons in the PNS

A

nerve

25
Q

term used to describe a bundle of axons in the CNS

A

tract

26
Q

term used to describe a nerve that carries both afferent and efferent fibers

A

mixed

27
Q

typical resting membrane potential of a neuron (inside relative to outside)

A

-70mV

28
Q

location of Na+ when a neuron is at rest

A

outside

29
Q

change in charge across the membrane of a neuron due to Na+ influx

A

depolarization

30
Q

reestablishment of membrane potential in a neuron due to K+ outflow

A

repolarization

31
Q

direction that the Na/K pump pumps the K

A

into the cell

32
Q

time in a neuron when a second action potential can not be sent

A

refractory period

33
Q

law that states that when an action potential begins, it continues to the end of the neuron

A

all or none law

34
Q

term used to describe the propagation of the action potential at nodes of Ranvier only

A

saltatory conduction

35
Q

large diameter, myelinated neurons conduct impulses with this speed

A

fast

36
Q

part of the neuron that contains vesicles with neurotransmitter

A

axon terminal

37
Q

neurotransmitter always found at the neuromuscular junction

A

acetylcholine

38
Q

common neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system

A

norepinephrine, acetylcholine

39
Q

neurotransmitters that block plain

A

endorphins

40
Q

most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

glutamate

41
Q

most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

GABA

42
Q

neurotransmitter that plays an important role in sleep and mood

A

serotonin

43
Q

neurotransmitter that is a gas and relaxes smooth muscle

A

nitric oxide

44
Q

the term used to describe the change in resting membrane potential when it becomes more negative

A

hyperpolarization

45
Q

term used to describe a partial hyperpolarization caused by a neurotransmitter at the post synaptic membrane

A

IPSP

46
Q

the combination of EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) that makes it easier for the postsynaptic membrane to reach threshold

A

summation

47
Q

a synapse that has acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter is referred to as this type of synapse

A

cholinergic

48
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane

A

IPSP

49
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane

A

EPSP

50
Q

neuroglial cell in the PNS that maintains the environment around neurons

A

satellite cell

51
Q

term used to describe a partial depolarization caused by a neurotransmitter on the post synaptic membrane

A

EPSP

52
Q

type of nerve fibers (cells) that have the largest diameter and most myelin

A

A

53
Q

the direction that K+ moves during repolarization of a neuron

A

out

54
Q

the types of voltage-gated channels found at the nodes of Ranvier of a neuron

A

Na+ and K+

55
Q

the type of voltage that will open the Na+ voltage-gated channel at the node of Ranvier

A

threshold (-55mv)

56
Q

type of voltage-gated channel found in the axon terminal membrane

A

Ca++

57
Q

a place where a chemically-gated channel can be found on a neuron

A

postsynaptic membrane

58
Q

what PNS neurons have that CNS neurons do not and what allows for regeneration of a neuron

A

neurilemma

A&P (16 decks)

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