Chapter 12 Nervous System Flashcards
Organ of the CNS found in the spinal cavity
Spinal cord
Organ of the CNS found in the cranial cavity
Brain
Major organs found in the PNS
Nerves
A sensory impulse moving toward the CNS is referred to with this word
Afferent
A motor impulses moving away from the CNS is referred to with this word
Efferent
Nervous system that innervates smooth muscle, glands, and cardiac muscle
Autonomic
Tissues innervated by the somatic nervous system
skeletal muscle
The CNSneuroglial cell that can phagocytize
Microgila
the CNS neuroglial cell that helps control levels of K+ in the brain
astrocyte
the neuroglial CNS cell that only allows fat-soluble substances to leave the blood and enter the brain
astrocyte
the neuroglial CNS cell that can help metabolize certain neurotransmitters
astrocyte
neuroglial cell in the CNS that makes myelin
oligodendrocyte
neuroglial cell in the CNS that lines spaces within the brain
ependymal
major type of fat found in the myelin sheath
phospholipid
neuroglial cell in PNS that makes myelin
Schwann cell
nucleated, cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cell
neurilemma
another name for the cell body of neuron
perikaryon, soma
extension of neuron that brings impulses to the cell body of the neuron
dendrite
extension of neuron that takes impulses away from the cell body
axon
rough ER in the perikaryon of a neuron goes by this name
Nissl bodies
gaps in the myelin sheath where action potential occurs in a neuron
nodes of Ranvier
part of the neuron where the axon potential begins
axon hillock
a neuron with more than two extensions off of the soma
multipolar neuron
term used to describe a bundle of axons in the PNS
nerve
term used to describe a bundle of axons in the CNS
tract
term used to describe a nerve that carries both afferent and efferent fibers
mixed
typical resting membrane potential of a neuron (inside relative to outside)
-70mV
location of Na+ when a neuron is at rest
outside
change in charge across the membrane of a neuron due to Na+ influx
depolarization
reestablishment of membrane potential in a neuron due to K+ outflow
repolarization
direction that the Na/K pump pumps the K
into the cell
time in a neuron when a second action potential can not be sent
refractory period
law that states that when an action potential begins, it continues to the end of the neuron
all or none law
term used to describe the propagation of the action potential at nodes of Ranvier only
saltatory conduction
large diameter, myelinated neurons conduct impulses with this speed
fast
part of the neuron that contains vesicles with neurotransmitter
axon terminal
neurotransmitter always found at the neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine
common neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system
norepinephrine, acetylcholine
neurotransmitters that block plain
endorphins
most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
glutamate
most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
GABA
neurotransmitter that plays an important role in sleep and mood
serotonin
neurotransmitter that is a gas and relaxes smooth muscle
nitric oxide
the term used to describe the change in resting membrane potential when it becomes more negative
hyperpolarization
term used to describe a partial hyperpolarization caused by a neurotransmitter at the post synaptic membrane
IPSP
the combination of EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) that makes it easier for the postsynaptic membrane to reach threshold
summation
a synapse that has acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter is referred to as this type of synapse
cholinergic
inhibitory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane
IPSP
excitatory neurotransmitters cause this change at the postsynaptic membrane
EPSP
neuroglial cell in the PNS that maintains the environment around neurons
satellite cell
term used to describe a partial depolarization caused by a neurotransmitter on the post synaptic membrane
EPSP
type of nerve fibers (cells) that have the largest diameter and most myelin
A
the direction that K+ moves during repolarization of a neuron
out
the types of voltage-gated channels found at the nodes of Ranvier of a neuron
Na+ and K+
the type of voltage that will open the Na+ voltage-gated channel at the node of Ranvier
threshold (-55mv)
type of voltage-gated channel found in the axon terminal membrane
Ca++
a place where a chemically-gated channel can be found on a neuron
postsynaptic membrane
what PNS neurons have that CNS neurons do not and what allows for regeneration of a neuron
neurilemma
