Chapter 15 Neural Intergration Flashcards
the proprioceptor that can detect muscle stretch
muscle spindle
the proprioceptor that detects muscle contraction
Golgi tendon organ
the general term for knowing where body parts are at a given time
proprioception
part of the brain where proprioceptive impulses end to facilitate equilibrium
cerebellum
touch receptor located in the epidermis
Merkel (tactile disc)
touch receptor found in the dermis
Meissner (tactile corpuscle)
touch receptor found deep in the dermis
Pacinian (lamellated)
general name for a receptor that sends an action potential when it is deformed
mechanoreceptor
touch receptor located around a hair follicle
hair root plexus
name a chemoreceptor found in the mouth
taste bud
term used to describe the uneven distribution of receptors in the skin
punctate distribution
term used to describe the phenomenon where receptors stop sending action potentials when continuously stimulated
adaptation
another term for a pain receptor
nociceptor
bundle of axons in the CNS
tract
bundle of cell bodies in the PNS
ganglion
bundle of cell bodies in the CNS
nucleus
term for a bundle of axons in the PNS
nerve
the color of a nucleus in the brain
gray
a pathway from the receptor to the postcentral gyrus must be this type of pathway
sensory pathway
the general number of neurons in a sensory pathway
3
location of the first-order neuron (soma) in a sensory pathway
dorsal root ganglion
shape of the first-order neuron (soma) in a sensory pathway
unipolar
modalities carried by the lateral spinothalamic tract
pain & temperature
modalities carried by the anterior spinothalamic tract
crude touch & pressure
which of the three neurons in the spinothalamic pathway crosses over to the opposite side
second-order neuron
place where the spinothalamic tract ends
thalamus
tract that carries impulses that allow you to localize the exact point of touch
posterior columns
location of the second-order neuron (soma) in the spinothalamic pathway
posterior gray horn
tract that carries impulses for vibration and proprioception
posterior columns
location of the third -order neuron (soma) in the spinothalamic pathway
thalamus
location of the second-order neuron (soma) in the posterior columns pathway
medulla oblongata
triangular-shaped cell in the precentral gyrus
pyramidal cell
another name for the corticospinal pathway (from the precentral gyrus)
pyramidal cell (direct)
number of neurons in the corticospinal pathway
2
location of the lower motor neuron soma in the pyramidal pathway
anterior gray horn
location of the upper motor neuron soma in the pyramidal pathway
precentral gyrus
place where 85% of the axons cross over to the opposite side in the pyramidal pathway
decussation of pyramids (medulla)
parts of the body that have a large representation on the motor homunculus of the precentral gyrus
hand face & tongue
motor centers of the brain that control muscle tone are part of this system in the brain
extrapyramidal (medial and lateral pathways)
type of paralysis seen when the lower motor neuron of the pyramidal pathway is damaged
flaccid
parts of the cerebrum (part of the extrapyramidal system) that control patterns of movement
basal nuclei
phenomenon where pain is felt in a different part of the body than where the pain originated
referred pain
